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2016-17 PHS Midterm
Midterm Review (Units 1-6)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identifying with another person's feelings is? | Empathy |
| Having integrity and being truthful (admitting mistakes so they can be corrected) is? | Honesty |
| Being reliable in work performance (perform assigned tasks on time and accurately is? | Dependability |
| Being prepared for lifelong learning to maintain competence is? | Willingness to learn |
| Being qualified and capable to perform a task is? | Competence |
| Using comments of others, constructive or negative to improve performance is? | Acceptance of criticism |
| Enjoying your work and having a positive attitude is? | Enthusiasm |
| being able to determine things that must be done and doing them without constant direction (ability to begin and follow through with a task) is? | Self-motivation |
| Saying or doing the right thing in a situation is? | Tact |
| Being tolerant and understanding (learning to deal with frustration and overcoming obstacles) is? | Patience |
| Being accountable for actions and behavior is? | Responsibility |
| Using good judgment in actions and words (observing the patient's right to confidential care and watching what you say and do) is? | Discretion |
| Working well with others is? | Team player |
| What the patient feels (pain, nausea, dizziness, hunger, itching) is considered? | Subjective information (symptom) |
| What can be seen or measured (heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, respiratory rate, weight, height, redness, swelling) is considered? | Objective information (sign) |
| A person's measured weight is an example of? | Objective information (sign) |
| A person's self-reported pain level is an example of? | Subjective information (symptom) |
| HIPAA stands for? | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act |
| HIPAA is regulates what? | Confidential information should not be disclosed (given) to anyone without paper authorization or permission. |
| Criminal law is? | Focuses on wrongs against a person, property or society. |
| Civil Law is? | Focuses on legal relationships between people and the protection of a person's rights. |
| Tort is? | A civil wrong; where a person's behavior has caused someone harm. |
| Negligence is? | Failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position with resulting injury to another person (ex: Bath water too hot. |
| Malpractice is? | Failure of a professional to use the skill/learning normally expected in a particular profession resulting in injury, loss, or damage to the person receiving care; "professional negligence" (ex: Amputating the wrong limb). |
| Abuse is? | Any action that results in physical harm, pain or mental anguish. |
| An example of physical abuse is? | hitting, kicking |
| An example of verbal abuse is? | yelling, name calling |
| An example of psychological abuse is? | Threats/intimidation |
| Sexual abuse is? | Unwanted sexual touching |
| Assault is? | Any threat/attempt to injure another person. |
| Battery is? | Unlawful touching of another person without their permission (Ex: performing a procedure on a patient without their consent). |
| Invasion of privacy is? | Unnecessary exposure of an individual or revealing personal information about an individual without permission (Ex: not closing the door during a patient exam). |
| False imprisonment is? | Restraining an individual or restricting an individual's freedom by making statements that are false. |
| Defamation is? | Damaging a person's name/reputation by making statements that are false. |
| Slander is? | Spoken defamation |
| Libel is? | Written defamation. |
| Privileged information is? | Any/all information concerning patients should only be shared with the hospital employees who are caring for that patient. |
| Exemptions to privileged information are? | births/deaths, suspected abuse (injuries resulting in violence), drug abuse and infectious diseases. |
| Ethics is? | Set of principles dealing with what is morally right or wrong. |
| An advance directive is? | A patient's instructions, usually related to end-of-life issues regarding what medical treatment they want or do no want if they are unable to express their wishes. |
| A living will is? | Document allowing individuals to state what measures should or should not e used to prolong life if their condition is terminal. |
| A power of attorney is? | Document permitting another individual to appoint another person to make any decisions regarding health care if the patient is unable to make those decisions. |
| Ancient Times (4000-3000BC) | Illness/disease caused by supernatural spirits and demons |
| Ancient Egyptians (3000-300BC) | Earliest people to maintain health records |
| Ancient Egyptians (3000-300BC) | Mummified corpses showed signs of arthritis, kidney stones and arteriosclerosis |
| Ancient Chinese (1200BC-220AD) | Treat whole body by cursing spirits and nourishing the body; recorded herbal medications; used acupuncture to treat pain |
| Ancient Greeks | Illness was result of natural causes; believed in disease prevention; studied effects of disease and the human body |
| Hippocrates | "Father of Medicine" |
| Hippocrates | Organized disease by signs and symptoms |
| Hippocrates | Created high standards of ethics used by physicians (Hippocratic Oath) |
| Sign | Objective patient observation |
| Symptom | Subjective patient observation |
| Sign | Fever |
| Symptom | Pain |
| Sign | Swollen ankle |
| Symptom | Nausea |
| Ancient Romans | Established hospitals (for injured soldiers) |
| Ancient Romans | Developed public sanitation systems (aqueducts for clean water, sewers for waste) |
| Dark Ages (400-800 AD) | Emphasis on saving soul and study of medicine prohibited |
| Middle Ages (800-1400 AD) | Bubonic plague killed 75% of population in Europe and Asia |
| Arab physician Rhazes | Began using animal gut for suture material |
| Renaissance (1350-1650AD) | The rebirth of science & medicine; dissection of the human body began |
| Leonardo DaVinci | Studied corpses and drew the human body more realistically |
| Printing Press | Allowed knowledge to be spread |
| Anton Van Leeuwenhoek | Invented the microscope |
| Ambroise Pare | Father of modern Surgery |
| William Harvey | Described circulation of blood to/from the heart |
| Ambroise Pare | Used ligatures to bind arteries to stop bleeding |
| Gabriel Fahrenheit | Invented 1st mercury thermometer |
| Benjamin Franklin | Invented bifocals |
| Benjamin Franklin | 1Discovered colds could be passed from person to person |
| Edward Jenner | Developed smallpox vaccination |
| Rene Laennec | Invented the stethoscope |
| Florence Nightingale | Founder of modern nursing |
| Florence Nightingale | Start nursing schools |
| Robert Koch | Father of microbiology; developed way to grow bacteria on culture plates |
| Ignaz Semmelweiss | Encouraged hand-washing |
| Gregory Mendel | Established principles of heredity (traits can be passed from parents to children) |
| Louis Pasteur | Discovered that microorganisms cause disease and how to kill them (pasteurization of milk) |
| Wilhelm Roentgen | Discovered x-rays |
| Joseph Lister | First doctor to use antiseptic during surgery |
| Sigmund Freud | Formed the basis for psychiatry and psychology |
| Clara Barton | Founded the American Red Cross |
| Sir Alexander Fleming | Discovered penicillin |
| Jonas Salk | Discovered polio vaccination |
| Crick and Watson | Described DNA structure |
| HIPAA | Ensures privacy of patient information |
| Diagnostic Related Group (DRG) | Classifying patients with certain disease in one payment group |
| DRG | Diagnostic Related Group |
| Hopsital | Provides INPATIENT care. |
| Hospitals are classified by funding; list the four funding types. | 1) Proprietary/for profit 2) nonprofit 3) government 4) Religious |
| Hospitals are classified by services; list the two service types. | 1) General 2) Specialty |
| Long-term healthcare facility | Provides care for elderly, people with physical or mental disabilities and people with chronic or long-term illness. |
| Nursing home | For live-in patients who no longer can care for themselves |
| Assisted Living | self-sufficient person pays a fee to live in a unit with BASIC services |
| Independent living | patients live in a "Senior Living Community" and use ONLY the services they need |
| Emergency Care | Provide special care for accidents or sudden illness (risk of losing life, limb or eye sight) |
| Medical Offices | Provide diagnosis, treatment, examination, basic laboratory testing & minor surgery; usually operated by a group of group of physicans |
| Dental Offices | Provide dental exams, cleaning and treatments for a variety of disorders |
| Clinics | Provide a variety of OUTPATIENT services |
| Optical Centers | Provide vision exams; prescribe eye glasses or contact lenses |
| Medical Labs | where diagnostic test are processed (usually blood or urine specimens) |
| Dental Labs | where implants, dentures and other corrective devices for the mouth are made |
| Home Health Care | Provide care to patients who are terminally ill |
| Palliative Care | Comfort care for the terminally ill |
| Mental Health | Provide care of patients who have mental illness and disorders |
| List 4 types of Mental Health Services | 1) Counseling 2) Psychiatric 3) Chemical abuse 4) Phsycial abuse |
| Genetic Counseling Centers | Provide testing & counseling to individuals or couples who are pregnant or considering pregnancy |
| Regabilitation | Provide services to help patients with physical or mental disabilities develop maximum ability for self-care |
| List 3 examples of rehabilitative therapy | 1) Physical therapy 2) Occupational therapy 3) Speech therapy |
| Industrial Health Centers | Onsite clinic within a large industry or employer that provides basic exams, accident/illness prevention and wellness programs |
| School Health Services | Provide health screenings, health education, and emergency care to students and staff, along with recommendations for a safe/sanitary school environment |
| Local Health Departments | provide immunizations, inspections for health and sanitation, statistics and records, health education or clinics |
| Voluntary/nonprofit agencies | 1organizations focus on specific disease; educate public |
| List two examples of a voluntary/nonprofit agency | 1) American Red Cross 2) American Cancer Society |
| How do voluntary/nonprofit agencies receive funding? | Supported by donations, membership feeds, fundraisers and grants |
| Associate's Degree | awarded by vocational/technical school or community college; requires completion of prescribed two-year course of study |
| Bachelor's Degree | Awarded by college or university; requires completion of prescribed course of study that usually lasts for four or more years |
| Master's Degree | Awarded by a college or university; requires completion of one ore more years beyond a bachelor's degree |
| Doctorate Degree | Awarded by college or university; requires completion of two or more years beyond a bachelor's or master's degree; some require four to six years of additional study |
| Aide/Assistant | Up to one year of training (classroom and on-the-job training); examples: Dental assistant, nursing aide |
| Technician | Associate's degree, or on-the-job training; examples: dental laboratory technician, surgical technician |
| Technologist | 3-4 years of college (bachelor's degree), plus work experience; examples: Occupational Therapist, Respiratory Therapist |
| Professional | 4 years of college (bachelor's) and an advanced degree; examples: dentist, physician, nurse |
| Therapeutic Services Cluster/Pathway | Maintain or change the health status of the patient over time; examples: nurse, physician, physical therapist, occupational therapist, speech therapist |
| Diagnostic Services Cluster/Pathway | Create a picture of patient health at a single point and time; examples: Electroencephalographic technologist, medical laboratory technician, radiologic technician |
| Health Informatics Cluster/Pathway | Provide functions that support and document patient care; examples: admitting clerk, epidemiologist, medical librarian |
| Support Services Cluster/Pathway | Provide a therapeutic environment for the delivery of health care; examples: central supply worker, housekeeper |
| Biotechnology Research & Development Cluster/Pathway (Environmental) | uses scientific and technical advancements to enhance diagnostic and therapeutic abilities in health care; examples: biomedical engineer, forensic scientist |
| Purpose of the National Health Care Skill Standards (NHCSS) is | Developed to indicate knowledge and skills expected of health care workers in a specific cluster/pathway |
| Preventing illnesss | #1 cost containment strategy. Prevent illnesses before they can occur. |
| Mass/bulk purchasing | Buying supplies and equipment in bulk to get a lower per unit price (Costco/Sam's Club philosophy) |
| Combination of Service | Combining similar services. For example, all medication dismemberment goes through a pharmacy vs. each Medical Office having their own pharmacy to issue medications. |
| Outpatient Services | Administer healthcare as much in outpatient clinics versus checking them in as inpatients at a hospital. |
| HIPAA stands for? | Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act |
| HIPAA is regulates what? | Confidential information should not be disclosed (given) to anyone without paper authorization or permission. |
| Criminal law is? | Focuses on wrongs against a person, property or society. |
| Civil Law is? | Focuses on legal relationships between people and the protection of a person's rights. |
| Tort is? | A civil wrong; where a person's behavior has caused someone harm. |
| Negligence is? | Failure to give care that is normally expected of a person in a particular position with resulting injury to another person (ex: Bath water too hot. |
| Malpractice is? | Failure of a professional to use the skill/learning normally expected in a particular profession resulting in injury, loss, or damage to the person receiving care; "professional negligence" (ex: Amputating the wrong limb). |
| Abuse is? | Any action that results in physical harm, pain or mental anguish. |
| An example of physical abuse is? | hitting, kicking |
| An example of verbal abuse is? | yelling, name calling |
| An example of psychological abuse is? | Threats/intimidation |
| Sexual abuse is? | Unwanted sexual touching |
| Assault is? | Any threat/attempt to injure another person. |
| Battery is? | Unlawful touching of another person without their permission (Ex: performing a procedure on a patient without their consent). |
| Invasion of privacy is? | Unnecessary exposure of an individual or revealing personal information about an individual without permission (Ex: not closing the door during a patient exam). |
| False imprisonment is? | Restraining an individual or restricting an individual's freedom |
| Defamation is? | Damaging a person's name/reputation by making statements that are false. |
| Slander is? | Spoken defamation |
| Libel is? | Written defamation. |
| Privileged information is? | Any/all information concerning patients should only be shared with the hospital employees who are caring for that patient. |
| Exemptions to privileged information are? | births/deaths, suspected abuse (injuries resulting in violence), drug abuse and infectious diseases. |
| Ethics is? | Set of principles dealing with what is morally right or wrong. |
| An advance directive is? | A patient's instructions, usually related to end-of-life issues regarding what medical treatment they want or do no want if they are unable to express their wishes. |
| A living will is? | Document allowing individuals to state what measures should or should not e used to prolong life if their condition is terminal. |
| A power of attorney is? | Document permitting another individual to appoint another person to make any decisions regarding health care if the patient is unable to make those decisions. |
| Abraham Maslow | Develop Hierarchy of Needs |
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs states... | that the lower needs must be met before a person can work towards meeting the higher needs. |
| Maslow's order for the Hierarchy of Needs are... | 1) physiological, 2) safety and security, 3) love and affection, 4) esteem and 5)self-actualization |
| Physiological needs | Food, water, oxygen, elimination of waste, protection from temperature extremes and sleep |
| Safety and security needs | Free from fear and anxiety; feel secure in the environment; order and routine help provide safety & security |
| Love and affection needs | Sense of belonging; give and receive friendship and love |
| Esteem needs | Feeling important and worthwhile; gain a sense of self-respect when get approval and appreciation from others |
| Self-Actualization needs | Person is who they want to be; Are confident and willing to express their beliefs and stick to them. |
| Why do health care providers need to know Maslow's Hierarchy of needs? | Meet patient needs according to their hierarchical order. |
| Defense Mechanisms | Unconscious actions used to cope with difficult situations |
| Displacement | Transferring feelings to be expressed through or to less meaningful objects or people. |
| Compensation | Substituting one goal for another goal in order to achieve success |
| Daydreaming | Dreamlike thought process that occurs when a person is awake |
| Repression | Transfer of unacceptable or painful thoughts into the unconscious mind |
| Supression | Similar to repression, but the individual is aware of the unacceptable thoughts and refuses to deal with them |
| Denial | Disbelief of an event or idea that is too frightening or shocking for a person to cope with. |
| Withdrawal | Ceasing to communicate or physically removing yourself from a conflict or painful situation. |
| Growth & Development Types: | Physical (body changes); Mental (mind development); Emotional (feelings); Social (interactions and relationships with others |
| Infancy (Birth to 1 year) | Physical (rapid growth); Mental (become aware of their surroundings); Emotional (begin to show emotions) Social (Self-centered to recognition of others) |
| Early Childhood (1-6 years) | Physical (bladder/bowel control & mature muscular system); Mental (rapid verbal growth); Emotional (Self-awareness & learning to control emotions); Social (Separation anxiety & play alongside kids) |
| Late Childhood (6-12 years) | Physical (muscular coordination = sports & activities); Mental (learn problem solving); Emotional (distinct personality); Social (shift from individual activities to group & make friends) |
| Adolescence (12-20 years) | Physical (puberty); Mental (increase knowledge & skills); Emotional (establishing self-identity); Social (more peer association) |
| Early adulthood (20-40 years) | Physical (development complete & childbearing years); Mental (college, marriage, career, family decisions); Emotional (many stressors); Social (away from peer groups toward own mate/family) |
| Middle adulthood (40-65 years) | Physical (graying hair, wrinkles, muscle tone loss & decrease in hormones); Mental (understanding of life & self and able cope with stress); Emotional (period of satisfaction); Social (family relationships decline) |
| Late Adulthood (65+ years) | Physical (decline of body systems); Mental (short-term memory decline); Emotional (Distress - retirement, death of spouse, financial concerns & physical changes); Social (loss of self-identity w/retirement & isolation) |
| Terminal illness | any disease that cannot be cured |
| Elizabeth Kubler-Ross | Leading expert in the field of death and dying |
| Denial | First stage of death and dying process; refuses to believe |
| Anger | Second stage of death and dying process; when no longer able to deny |
| Bargaining | Third stage of death and dying process; accepts death, but wants more time |
| Depression | Fourth stage of death and dying process; realizes death will come soon |
| Acceptance | Fifth stage of death and dying process; understands and accepts the fact they are going to die |
| Hospice Care | Offers palliative care only, usually in patient's home, and gives patient right to die with dignity and comfort |
| Palliative care | comfort care only |
| Living Will | Advance directive that allows a person to state their wishes about medical treatments for the end of life in writing in the even that they cannon communicate those wishes directly. |
| Power of Attorney | Advance directive that appoints a person that will be authorized to deal with all medical situation when you cannot speak for yourself. |
Created by:
vorachekt
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