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AP EURO CH 25
Ch 25: age of Imperialism + WW1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Why was europe politically/ economically dominant over the rest of the world | advanced in science, technology, industry, agriculture, weapons, etc and loyalty of inhabitants = effective resource deployment, superior mindset |
| what was the mindset in 1st half of the 19th c | anti imperialist |
| which country was supreme and why? | britain becuase first country to experience industrial revolution |
| how much of the world came under european control during late 19th c | 1/5 of land and 1/10 of population |
| define new imperialism | european country invests in less industrialized country + develops infrastructure _ transforms economy+ arrangements with local gov |
| 3 methods of imperial control | direct rule (full annexation as colony), protectorate (local ruler controlled by europeans), sphere of influence (european country gets special privileges but not involved in politics) |
| lenins view on imperialism | capitalists develop own economy then get bored and try to make colonies to find investments, new markets, raw materials |
| motivations for imperialism | new markets, raw materials, surplus population, christian missionaries, nationalism, military bases, social darwisnism, economic security |
| where did most european emigrants go | americas and australia |
| open door policy | all nations have equal trade access to china |
| what made the US an imperial and pacific power | victory in spanish american war |
| major imperialist powers | britain, france, US, germany, italy |
| jingoism | super patriotism in britain as a result of opposition to russian power in balkans/mediterranean |
| what was the significance of what happened in 1871 | creation of germany upset balance of power that congress of vienna had forged |
| 3 emperors league | germany, austria, russia |
| what happpened in russo turkish war and what were the results | slavs in ottoman empire revolt against turkish rule, russia helps them so it can get constantinople, result was that slavic states freed from ottoman rule and russia gets land |
| what 3 things did congress of berlin do and the result | reduced bulgaria, Austria given bosnia and herzegovina, britain and french get land , basically made russia mad at germany and created tension |
| triple alliance | germany, ah , italy |
| why did italy join austria hungary and germany | it wanted colonial expansion + opposed to french |
| why did france and russia ally against germany | political isolation + need for foreign capital |
| what made britain come out if its splendid isolation | german competition over industry + naval race |
| what was germanys risk theory | idea that if they could damage british navy they could make it inferior to navy of another country |
| what was entente cordiale | agreement between britain + france to be peaceful, recognize holdings |
| when and what was the russo japanese war | in 1904, russia fights japan for manchuria and japan helped by british and russia lost |
| what was the first moroccan crisis | kaiser willhem made speech about moroccan independence + german right to be part of its destiny which insulted french, then at a conference germany was embarassed + france and britain get closer |
| what was triple entente and why was it bad for germany | alliance between russia, britain, france --> 2 front war for germany |
| who were the young turks? | group of modernizing reformers that wanted to bring back the ottoman empire |
| what did the slavic balkan states want? who would lead? | wanted to be independent, some wanted to be united under serbia |
| what was the bosnian crisis | russia agreed to support austrian annexation of bosnia in exhchange for control of dardanelles but britain and france dont let it |
| what happened in the 2nd moroccan crisis | germany sends ships to agadir in france;s morroco to "protect their interests" there and is once again embarrassed and france and britain get closer |
| what happened in balkan wars | italy attacks ottoman empire bc wants libya, which encourages balkan states to attack ottoman empire and win. then they fought amongst themselves in 2nd balkan war |
| what tension did the balkan wars create | austria determined to limit serbs and russians protected serbs = tension |
| what happned on june 28 1914 | serbian nationalists assasinates archduke francis ferdinand in sarajevo, bosnia |
| what was the black hand | serbian terrorist group who planned assasination |
| how did germany react to assasination | said austria should attack serbia fast and they would support it |
| what happened on july 23 | austrans send an ultimatum to serbians |
| how did russians respond to serbian ultimatum | ordered partial mobilizaion against austrians |
| list the order of mobilizations | russia partial mobilization, austria mobilizes against russia, germany mobilizes against russia + france, britain declares war on germany |
| schlieffen plan | outflank french defenses by distracting them with weak left wing and send strong right wing through belgium to envelop from behind, leave some troops to guard east prussia from russia |
| causes of WWI | austrian war against serbia, german desire to be world power, naval race, imperialism, |
| advantages of each side | allies (more soldiers + $ + naval power) central (first attack + internal lines of communication) |
| after the battle of the marne how did the war change | became about position instead of movement, trench warfare |
| what 2 countries joined central powers and why | turkey bc didnt like russia and bulgaria bc enemy of serbia |
| what countries joined allies? why? | italy for promise of italia irredenta and japan to put pressure on china |
| who was colonel t E lawrence | led arab independence from turkey, supported by allies |
| trend in battles at verdun and somme? | defense was superior, tons of casualties with no result |
| what did the british do at sea? what did the germans do | british imposed strict blockade, germans has submarine warfare and sunk neutral ships like lusitania which angered americans |
| why did america enter war and when | germans announce untrestricted sub warfare so US breaks off relations, russian revolution overthrows tsar, in april 1917 |
| why was collapse of russia the zenith of german success | allowed germany to tkae control of eastern european forces + work harder on the western front |
| treaty of brest litovsk | bolsheviks yield poland, finlands, baltic states, ukraine to germany + indemmnity |
| what happened in march 1918 | germany launched last offensive and reached marne but got no further, army exhausted, allied troops increase, austrians collapse in italy, turkey + bulgaria pull out |
| president wilson 14 points | self determination, free trade, disarmament, league of nations |
| what happened to german gov after war | became socialst republic under German SDP |
| casualties total | 10 million dead, 20 million wounded |
| which empires dissolved from ww1 | german, AH, ottoman, russian |
| effects of war | great empires dies, europe no longer center of world, people turn to dictatorship and fascism, |
| role of turkey in the war | ruled by young turks and allied with central powers, but kept getting defeated so pulled out, |
| what happened to ottoman emprie in peace of paris | split up between british and french |
| who was ataturk | general who drove greeks out of anatolia and formed new secular independedent republic of turkey |
| who were the big 4 | Wilson (US), georges clemencau(france), david lloyd george (britain), vittorio orlando (italy) |
| obstacles to peace of paris | ethnic groups did not want big powers to decide map, france was ruthless against germany, public opinion is big factor, communism |
| treaty of versailles provisions | league of nations to maintain peace, colonial areas become mandates, france gets alsace lorraine, germany limited to 100000 men |
| treaty of versaille effects in east | germany ;oses part of silesia, czhecoslovkia formes, yugoslavia, , finland estonia latvia poland become ind states |
| treaty of versailles reparations | war guilt clause makes germany completely guilty and rerparations clause says germany has to pay full cost of war with 5 billion annually until price set |
| criticism for peace treaty | made french rely pn british, violates liberal + idealistic self determination policies, did not end imperialism, keynes says it is a carthiginian peace and will lead to more war |
| problems in AH created by peace | new boundaries = separates raw materials from markets + hositllity among ethnic groups |
| # of available soldier for major powers | germany (2mill) france (1mill) russia (1 mill), AH (0.8 mill( britain (.7 million), |
| what led to the march revolution in russia | ineffecinet wartime tsar gov, decreasing resources, hunger, worker strikes, disoginaizaitno in army, corrupt gov |
| march revolution in russia | worker demonstrations happen in petrograd and troops dont fire so tsar abdicates, power goes to duma |
| alexander kerensky's gov | provisional gov under duma cadets, supported by mesheviks, were pro war but this led to more unrest + collapse |
| what did bolsheviks watn | all political power go to soviets |
| what did trosky and lenin do | armed assault on gov to take over + establish communist dictatorhsip |
| what happneed in gov elections | social revolutionaries won majority, but then bolsheviks red army dispersed it and came firmly into power |
| what did bolsheviks do (5 things) | nationalized land + turned it over to peasants, factory workers put in charge of plants, state seized banks, property of church goes to state, took russia out of war |
Created by:
mhaq.16
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