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Orange Module
Gastrointestinal System Reverse Definitions
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| small intestine | A continuation of the GI tract responsible for absorption. Consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. |
| epiglottis | A flap of tissue covering the trachea, which prevents food and liquids from entering the airway. |
| sigmoid colon | A flexure of the colon which joins the descending colon and the rectum. |
| cholelith | A gallstone. |
| ulcer | A lesion of the skin or mucous membrane which frequently develops in the duodenum or stomach. |
| esophagus | A muscular canal which extends from the pharynx to the stomach |
| stomach | A sac-like structure in the abdominal cavity, responsible for digestion of food. |
| occult blood | A test in which stool samples are collected to determine intestinal bleeding. |
| ascites | Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, most commonly as a result of chronic liver disease. |
| hernia | Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through the structure that normally contains it. |
| achlorhydria | absence of hydrochloric acid in the stomach |
| colon | Also called the large intestine; it is divided into four portions and is responsible for absorption and elimination. |
| stoma | An artificial opening, in this case, one from the bowel through the abdominal wall. |
| bulimia | An eating disorder characterized by binge eating, purging, and vigorous exercise |
| gallbladder | An organ below the liver which stores and empties bile through its ducts into the small intestine. |
| pancreas | An organ which uses ducts to provide exocrine secretions to the duodenum to aid in digestion. |
| esophagojejunostomy | Anastomosis of the esophagus and jejunum. |
| gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) | Backflow of the gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus |
| regurgitation | backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach |
| Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB) | Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size |
| vertical banded gastroplasty | Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch |
| morbid obesity | Body mass index of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 pounds or more over ideal body weight. |
| trachea | Cartilaginous tube which extends from the larynx to the bronchial tubes. |
| mastication | Chewing-the first part of digestion. |
| sphincter | Circular band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body. |
| endoscopic ultrasound | Combines endoscopy and ultrasound to examine and obtain images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs. |
| antidiarrheals | Control loose stools and relieve diarrhea by absorbing excess water in the bowel or slowing peristalsis in the intestinal tract. |
| antiemetics | Control nausea and vomiting by blocking nerve impulses to the vomiting center of the brain. |
| antacids | Counteract or neutralize acidity usually in the stomach. |
| colostomy | Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag. |
| antispasmodics | Decrease gastrointestinal spasms by slowing peristalsis and motility throughout the GI tract. |
| hepatomegaly | Enlargement of the liver. |
| obesity | Excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20 percent or more above ideal body weight. |
| polypectomy | Excision of a polyp. |
| fecalith | Fecal concentration. |
| cecum | First 2-3" of the large intestine. |
| ascending colon | First portion of the colon, extending from the cecum to the lower border of the liver. |
| Crohn disease | Form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis. |
| oral leukoplakia | Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation. |
| halitosis | Foul-smelling breath. |
| flatus | Gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus. |
| exocrine | Gland that secretes it products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue into a vessel. |
| liver function tests (LFTs) | Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract. |
| bariatric surgery | Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition which arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant heath problems. |
| ultrasonography | High-frequency sound waves are directed as soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure |
| computed tomography (CT) | Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles. |
| dysphagia | Inability or difficulty swallowing; also called aphagia. |
| pyloromyotomy | Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus, which is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. |
| ulcerative colitis | Inflammation an ulceration of the innermost lining if the colon. |
| diverticulitis | Inflammation of a sac-like bulge that may develop in the wall of the large intestine. |
| appendicitis | Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection. |
| dysentery | Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea. |
| stomatitis | Inflammation of the mouth of the stomach. |
| gastritis | Inflammation of the stomach |
| nasogastric intubation | Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis. |
| anorexia | Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat. |
| rectum | Last portion of the GI tract which terminates at the anus. |
| ileum | Lower division of the small intestine |
| cholangiopancreatography | Magnetic resonance imaging is used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder in a non-invasive manner. |
| bolus | Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed. |
| serum bilirubin | Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood. |
| proctologist | One who specializes in diseases of the colon, rectum, and anus. |
| bilirubin | Orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces. |
| triglycerides | Organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids. |
| hepatitis panel | Panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus-hepatitis A, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C-that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens. |
| melena | Passage of dark-coloured, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices. |
| steatorrhea | Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it. |
| pharynx | Passageway for air from the nose to the larynx and for food from the mouth to the esophagus. |
| anorectal | Pertaining to both the anus and the rectum. |
| celiac | Pertaining to the abdomen. |
| buccal | Pertaining to the cheek. |
| lingual | Pertaining to the tongue. |
| cachexia | Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscular mass; commonly associated with AIDS and cancer. |
| sialolithiasis | Presence of a stone in the salivary gland. |
| cholelithiasis | Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct |
| lithotripsy | Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic waves |
| eructation | Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called beltching. |
| peristalsis | Progressive wave-like movement that occurs involuntary in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract. |
| gastrointestinal system | Provides the body with nutrients, electrolytes and water by ingestion, digestion, elimination, and absorption. |
| upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS) | Radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; also called barium swallow |
| lower gastrointestinal series | Radiographic examination of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium into the rectum; also called lower GI series or barium enema |
| oral cholecytography (OCG) | Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet. |
| cholecystogram | Radiographic record of the gallbladder. |
| liver scan | Radiographic visualization of the liver after injection of a radiographic substance. |
| sialography | Radiographic visualization of the salivary glands and ducts. |
| choledocholithotomy | Removal of a gallstone through an incision of the bile duct. |
| borborygmus | Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine. |
| cirrhosis | Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease. |
| jejunum | Second division of the small intestine. |
| transverse colon | Second portion of the colon that passes horizontally across the abdomen. |
| obstipation | Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction. |
| colic | Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially in the colon, accompanied by pain. |
| pyloric stenosis | Stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine. |
| ileorectal (anastomosis) | Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis. |
| intestinal (anastomosis) | Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enterostomy. |
| ileostomy | Surgical formation of an opening from the ileum through the abdominal wall |
| anastamosis | Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another. |
| jejunorraphy | Surgical repair of the jejunum. |
| cheiloplasty | Surgical repair of the lip. |
| proctoplasty | Surgical repair or reconstruction of the rectum or colon. |
| aerophagia | Swallowing air. |
| irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) | Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon. |
| malabsorption (syndrome) | Symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph. |
| stool guaiac | Test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult. |
| stool culture | Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection. |
| oropharynx | The central part of the throat between the soft palate and epiglottis. |
| anal sphincter | The constricting muscle at the anus which relaxes to allow passage of stool. |
| enema | The introduction of liquid into the rectum for cleansing the bowel and for stimulating evacuation of the bowels. |
| liver | The largest glandular organ which functions include: producing bile, removing glucose from the blood, and storing vitamins. |
| laryngopharynx | The lower portion of the pharynx which divides into the trachea and esophagus. |
| anus | The outlet of the rectum. |
| absorption | The passage of simple nutrients into the blood stream. |
| diarrhea | The passage of unformed, watery bowel movements |
| nasopharynx | The portion of the throat above the soft palate and behind the nose. |
| digestion | The process by which food is broken down, mechanically and chemically in the GI tract and converted into an absorbable form that can be used by the body. |
| descending colon | Third continuation of the colon which joins and forms the sigmoid colon. |
| ingest | To eat. |
| elimination | To pass urine from the bladder or stool from the bowel. |
| laxatives | Treat constipation by increasing peristaltic activity in the large intestine or increasing water and electrolyte secretion into the bowel to induce defecation. |
| cholangioma | Tumor of the bile duct or vessel |
| abdominal ultrasonography | Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder. |
| duodenum | Uppermost division of the small intestine; receives secretions to aid in digestion. |
| extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy | Use of shock-waves as a non-invasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts. |
| endoscopy | Visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope. |
| gastrointestinal endoscopy | Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumours. |
| hematemesis | Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus. |
| enterostomy | surgical formation of an opening from the small intestine through the abdominal wall |
| magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) | Magnetic resonance imaging is used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gall bladder in a non-invasive manner |
Created by:
DawnLangridge
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