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A&P Cardio
Test 4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The thickest layer of the heart wall and the layer that is responsible for the muscle contraction is the? | Myocardium/cardiac muscle |
| The myocardium is formed of loosely fitting double-sac that is composed of an inner layer and outer layer called? | Partial; Visceral |
| What is the epicardium? | Outer most layer of the heart muscle which contains blood vessels that nourish the heart; visceral pericardium |
| The space that is in between the parietal and visceral pericardia is called? | Pericardial cavity |
| Name the 2 artioventricular (AV) valves | Bicuspid & Tricuspid valves |
| Name the 2 semilunar (SL) valves | Pulmonary & Aortic valves |
| Endocardium def | Inner layer of the heart muscle that lines chambers of heart; continuous w/ internal lining of blood vessels attached to the heart |
| Where are the AV valved located and its function? | Between the atrium & ventride; Allows blood flow from atria to ventricle; prevents backflow into atria |
| Where are the SL valve located and its function? | Base of large arteries, pulmonary artery/trunk. Base of Aortia; Carries blood away from ventricles to main arteries & prevents backflow into ventricles |
| The ONE WAY direction of the flood of blood is accomplished by heart valves which are located BOTH at the entrance and near the exit of the ventricles. T OR F? | True - valves at both ends of ventricle |
| Each AV valve allows blood to flow from ATRIUM into VENTRICLE but will prevent the backflow of blood into the atria when the ventricles contract. T or F? | True |
| The __________ valve prevents the backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium | Tricuspid |
| The __________ valve allows blood going into the lungs to flow out of the right ventricle and into the pulmonary truck, and at the same time, it will prevent blood from flowing back into the right ventricle. | Pulmonary SL |
| The __________ valve allows blood to flow out of the left ventricle up into the aorta and at the same time it will also prevent the backflow of the blood into the left ventricle. | Aortic SL |
| What are the string-like structures that attach or anchor the AV valve to the wall of the heart and prevent the valve cusps from being forced into the atria during contraction? | Cordae Tendinae |
| The _______ are the 2 upper or receiving chambers of the heart. | Atria |
| The ________ are the 2 lower or discharging chambers of the heart. | Ventricle |
| Arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood from the heart TO capillaries in body tissue | Oxygenated |
| Veins carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood to the heart from capillaries in body tissues. | Deoxygenated |
| Contraction of the heart is called _______; relaxation of the heart is called ________ | Systolic, Diastolic |
| What is the mediastinum and what organs are located within it? | Lies between lungs and superior to the diaphargm |
| What is the cardiac cycle? | One heart beat |
| Can you trace the flow of blood entering the heart from the vena cava and back out of the body? | Yes |
| The right ventricle pumps oxygenated or deoxygenated blood into what structure? | deoxygenated; lungs |
| What structure branches or divides to form the right and left pulmonary arteries? | pulmonic valve |
| Heart is a double pump with 2 basic pathways or circuits of blood flow. Describe | Systemic circuits - goes everywhere else except lungs; Pulmonary circuit - goes into lungs |
| What blood vessels supply blood directly to the heart muscle? | Coronary arteries - first branch |
| BP is highest in the arteries and lowest in the veins. T or F | True |
| What is the difference between systolic BP and diastolic BP? | Systolic is contracting, diastolic is relaxed |
| What is the warning sign that the coronary arteries are no longer able to supply enough blood and oxygen to the heart muscle? | Angina |
| The conduction system of the heart consists of 4 parts. In the correct sequence name & describe each | Sinotrial (SA) node, Atrioventricular (AV) node, bundle of HI, purkinje fiber |
| The key of the conduction system; the pacemaker or power station of the heart is the? | SA Node |
| The _________ has the ability to initiate electrical impulses w/out the help of the brain or spinal cord? | SA Node |
| What is the function of the cardiac center? Where is it located? | Adjusts frequency of both sympathetic and parasympathetic impulses to produce heart rate that meets changing needs of body cells. Medulla Oblongata |
| What are the 3 basic types of blood vessels? Describe each and identify their function | Arteries - carries blood away from heart; Capillaries - exchange in the vessels between arteries and veins; Veins - carries toward hart |
| Be able to describe the structural differences between veins and arteries | Arteries have more smooth muscle and elastic CT which allows them to adapt to changing BP large veins possess valves to prevent the backflow to blood |
| The correct sequence of blood flow through blood vessels is: (3) | Tunica externa (support), tunica media (change in diameter), tunica interna (lining of bv) |
| What are the precapillary sphincters? What is the function? | Guard and control the flow of blood w/in the capillaries based on needs of cell - intermittent blood flow |
| Considering the flow of blood...systemic blood flow would be fastest in the aorta or in the arterioles and it would be slowest in the capillaries or the venules? | Aorta & capillaries |
| Blood pressure is always highest in (what blood vessels) and lowest in the? | Left ventricle valve and right atrium |
| Blood pressure is the volume or force of blood as it pushes against the wall of an artery? Name 4 factors create this pressure | Volume; Cardiac output, blood volume, peripheal resistance, blood viscosity |
| What is the hepatic portal circulation? | Route of blood flow through liver, then digestive organs & spleen then heart |
| Name the 3 portions of the aorta | Ascending, aortic arch, descending |
| What are the 3 major arteries that branch from the aortic arch to the aorta? | Brachiocephalic, left common carotid, left subclavian |
| The brachiocephalic artery has 2 branches. What are they? | Right subclavian artery & right common carotid artery |
| The abdominal aorta has many branch arteries that supply the abdominal wall and visceral organs. The first branch of the abdominal aorta is the CELIAC ARTERY. The CELIAC ARTERY has 3 branch. What are they? | Gastric artery, splenic artery, hepatic artery |
| The abdominal aorta eventually divides to form the right and left _____________ which supply blood to the lowest portion of the trunk and legs. These arteries again branch and form the interal and external iliac arteries. | Common iliac artery; external |
| The veins carrying oxygenated blood to the heart are the? | Pulmonary |
| The 2 largest veins that empty DEOXYGENATED BLOOD in the RIGHT ATRIUM OF THE HEART are the _____ & _______? | Superior & Inferior vena cava |
| Differentiate between arrythmia, bradycardia, tachycardia, heart flutter and fibrilation? | Arrythmia - abnormal heart beat d/t factors such as damage to conduction system & drugs, BC - <60bpm, TC - >100bpm, heart flutter - >200-300bpm, fibrillation - rapid HR w/uncoordinated contraction - blood isnt pumped from ventricles |
| CHF def | Acute or chronic inability of heart to pumpp out returned to it - possible atheroscelorosis |
| Heart murmurs def | Unusual heart sounds associated w/ defective heart valves |
| MI def | Death of myocardium d/t coronary artery blockage |
| Pericarditis def | Inflammation of pericardium d/t viral or bacterial infection |
| Aneurysm def | Weakened vessel wall bulges, forming balloon - like sac filled w/ blood rupture can be fatal |
| Arteriosceloris def | Hardening of arteries d/t calcium deposits accumulating in tuncia media |
| Atheriosceloris def | Formation of fatty deposits in the tunica interna of arteries. Plagues reduce lumen size & increases probability of blood clot formation |
| Hypertension def | Chronic increase BP exceeds 140/90; prehypertension is 120/80-139/89 |
| Phlebitis def | Inflammation of vein - common in legs |
| Thrombophlebitis def | Involves formation of blood clots at the inflammation site |
| Varicose veins def | Dilated, swollen veins, d/t malfunction valves; causes include heredity, pregnancy & lack of physical activity - hemorrhoids |
Created by:
breinard
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