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PFT_Terms_Chapter14
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| AB rated | of a generic drug, rated as bioequivalent to the branded drug by the FDA as shown by an experimental study |
| Addison disease | a life-threatening deficiency of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids that is treated with the daily administration of corticosteroid |
| alopecia | hair loss |
| anabolic treatment | muscle building |
| androgen | hormone that promotes development and maintenance of male characteristics |
| blastocyst | the stage in development at which a fertilized egg has divided into 70-100 cells and is ready to implant, consisting of the inner embryoblast and an outer layer that will become the placenta |
| chancre | small, usually painless, highly infectious ulcer; the primary lesion of syphilis |
| circadian | regularly recurring on a cycles of 24 hours |
| climacteric | the syndrome of endocrine, somatic, and psychic changes occurring at the end of the reproductive period in females |
| corticosteroid | steroid hormone produced by the adrenal cortex |
| Cushing disease | a disease caused by overproduction of steroids or by excessive administration of corticosteroids over an extended period |
| Dispense As Written (DAW) | instruction in a prescription to prevent substitution of generic drugs for the branded drug |
| dyspareunia | a condition of the female in which normal intercourse is painful |
| endocrine system | glands and other structures that elaborate internal secretions, called hormones, that are released directly into the circulatory system |
| endometrium | the lining of the uterus, which grows in the early part of the menstrual cycle to be ready to receive a fertilized egg and breaks down at the end of the cycle, leading to menstruation |
| estrogen | one of the group of hormones that stimulate the growth of reproductive tissue in females |
| feedback mechanism | the return of some of the output of a system as input so as to exert some control on the process |
| gestational diabetes | diabetes that occurs during pregnancy when insufficient insulin is produced |
| glucocorticoid | corticosteroid involved in metabolism and immune system regulation |
| gluconeogenesis | the process of forming new glucose, in which protein and fatty acids are converted into immediate energy sources |
| growth hormone (GH) | a fundamental hormone that affects metabolism, skeletal growth, and somatic growth; deficiency causes growth retardation |
| growth hormone releasing factor (GHRF) | a neuropeptide secreted by the hypothalamus that stimulates the secretion of growth hormone by the pituitary |
| gynecomastia | excessive development of the male mammary glands, with or without tenderness |
| HbA1C glycosylated hemoglobin | an "average" of the sugar measured in blood glucose over a period of time |
| hirsutism | abnormal hairiness, especially in women |
| hormone therapy (HT) | replacement of deficient hormones such as estrogen |
| hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level |
| hyperthyroidism | a condition caused by excessive thyroid hormone and marked by increased metabolic rate; also called thyrotoxicosis |
| hypoglycemia | low blood glucose level (less than 70 mg/dL) |
| hypogonadism | a deficiency of hormone production and secretion |
| hypothyroidism | a deficiency of thyroid activity that results in a decreased metabolic rate, tiredness, and lethargy in adults and causes cretinism in children |
| impotence | failure of the male to initiate or to maintain an erection until ejaculation |
| mineralocorticoid | corticosteroid involved in electrolyte and water balance |
| oral contraceptive (OCs) | a combination of one or more hormonal compounds taken orally to prevent the occurrence of pregnancy |
| osteoblast | a cell that forms bone |
| osteoclast | a cell that resorbs bone |
| osteoporosis | the condition of reduced bone mineral density, disrupted microarchitecture of bone structure, and increased likelihood of fracture |
| oxytocic agent | a drug that promotes contraction of uterine muscle at term of pregnancy |
| priapism | frequent or prolonged, painful penile erections |
| progestin | a synthetic hormone that emulates the effects of progesterone |
| progesterone | the hormone that prepares the uterus for the reception and development of the fertilized ovum |
| secondary diabetes | diabetes caused by drugs |
| target | a cell, tissue, or organ that is affected by a particular hormone |
| testosterone | a hormone that is responsible for sperm production, sexual potency, and the maintenance of muscle mass and strength, among other functions |
| thyroid gland | a gland that produces hormones that stimulate various body tissues to increase their activity level |
| thyroid storm | a life-threatening medical emergency with the symptoms of thyrotoxicosis, but more exaggerated |
| tocolytic agent | a drug that slows labor in pregnancy, used to treat premature labor |
| type I diabetes | insulin-dependent diabetes, in which the pancreas has no ability to produce insulin |
| type II diabetes | a type of diabetes characterized by insulin insufficiency or by the resistance of the target tissues to the insulin produced |
| vasomotor | affecting constriction and dilation of blood vessels |
| virilization | the development of male characteristics |
Created by:
softcrylic
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