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Chapter 15
The Endocrine System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| adams apple | protrusion in neck caused by fold of thyroid cartilage |
| adenohypophysis | anterior lobeof pituitary gland |
| adrenal cortex | outer portion of aderenal gland; controls metabolism, inflammation, Na and P rentention and effects of stress |
| adrenal gland | situatied on top of kidney |
| adrenlaine | secreted by adrenal medull |
| adrenal edulla | inne portion of adrenal glands; release large quantities of hormones during stress |
| adrenocorticotropic hormone | hormone secreted by anterior pituitary; control adrenal cortex |
| aldosterone | hormone secreted by adrenal cortex; mineralocorticoid |
| alpha cells | specialized cells tht produce glucagon in pancreas |
| androgen | any male hormone |
| antidiuretic hormone | posterior pituitary hormone tht increases water reabsorpition |
| bet cells | specialized cells that produce insulin in pancreas |
| calcitonin | hormone secreted by thyroid gland otherendocrine glands helps control blood calcium levels |
| catecholamines | hormones released in response to stress |
| corticosteroids | steroid produced by adrenal cortex |
| cortisol | hydrocortisone |
| ductless gland | endocrine gland |
| electroyte | substance that conducts electricity and is decomposed by it |
| endocrine gland | gland that secretes substances into bloodstream insteead of into ducts |
| exocrine gland | gland that releases substance through ducts to specific location |
| follicle stimulating hormone | hormone released by anterior pitutiary to aid in production of ova and pserm |
| gland | organized mass of tissue secreting and excreting substances |
| glucagon | released by pancreas to increase blood sugar |
| glucocorticoids | released by adrenal cortex |
| glycogen | converted glucose stored in liver for future use |
| gorwth hormone | released by anterior pituitary for stimulating growth |
| hormone | substance secreted by glands and carried in bloodstream to various parts of body |
| hypophysis | pituitary gland |
| hypothalamus | gland in nervous system releases hormones to aid in regulating pituitary hormones |
| inhibiting factor | substance in hormone that prevents the secretion of other hormones |
| insulin | substance released by pancreas to lower blood sugar |
| islets of langerhans | specialized cells in pancreas that release insulin and glucagon |
| isthmus | narrow band of tissue connencting the tow lobes of thyroid gland |
| luteinizig hormone | hormone released to aid in maturation of ova and ovulation in femail, secretion of testerone in males |
| melanocyte stimulating hormone | released by pituiatry gland; aids in development of melanin pigment in skin |
| melatonin | released by pineal gland affects sexual function and sleep pattersn |
| metabolism | chemical changes in cells that provide energy for vital processes and activities and thru which new material is assimilated |
| mineralocorticoid | steroid secreted by adrenal cortex |
| neurohypophysis | posterior lobe of pituitary gland |
| norepinephrine | secreted by adrenal medulla |
| oxytocin | released by posterior pitutiary gland to aid in uterine contractions and lactation |
| ovary | reproductive gland in femals that secrete hormones in endocrine system |
| pancreas | gland of both endocrine anddigestive system |
| parathormone | parathyroid hormone |
| parathyroid gland | 1 of 4 located adjavcent to thyroid gland on its dorsal surface that help maintain levels of blood ca |
| parathyroid hormone | hormone released by parathyroid glands to help raise blood Ca leels |
| pineal gland | located above pituitary gland secretes melatonin |
| pituitary gland | majour endocrin gland; secretes hormones esesstial to metabolic functions |
| receptor | targe cell with properties compatible with particular substance |
| releasing factor | substance in hormone that allows secretion of other hormon |
| somatotrophic | homone secrete by anterior pituitary gland important in growth and development |
| suprarenal gland | adrenal gland |
| sympathomimetic | mimicking functions of sympathetic nervous system |
| target cell | cell with receptor that are compatible with specific hormones |
| tstis | male organs that secrete hormones in endocrine |
| thymus gland | part of immune systema s well as endocrine aids in maturation of T and B cells |
| thyroid gland | two lbes located on either side of trachea help control blood Ca levvels and metabolic functions |
| thyroid stimulating hormone | secreted by anterior pituitary gland; stimulates release of thyroid hormones |
| thyroxine | compound found in or maunfactured for thyroid gland helps regulate metabolism |
| triiodothyronine | thyroid hormone that stimulates growth |
| vasopressin | hormone secreted by piuitary gland; raises blood pressure |
| adeno | GLAND |
| ADRENO; ADRENALO | ADRENAL GLANDS |
| gluco | glucose |
| glyco | glycogen |
| gonado | sex glands |
| pancreato | pancreas |
| parathyroid | parathyroid |
| thryo thryoido | thyroid gland |
| acth | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
| adh | antidiuretic hormone |
| crh | corticotropin realsing hormone |
| dm | diabetes melllitus |
| ot | oxytoxin |
| fsh | follicle stimulating hormone |
| gh | growth hormone |
| gtt | glucose tolerance tset |
| hcg | human chorionic gonadotropin |
| iddm | insulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| lh | luteinizing hormone |
| msh | melanocyte stimulating hormone |
| niddm | noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus |
| pg | prostaglandins |
| prl | prolactin |
| pth | parathyroid hormone |
| sth | somatotrpin hormone |
| tsh | thyroid stimulting hormone |
| blood sugar | test for glucose in blood |
| fasting blood sugar | test for glucose in blood following fast of 12 hours |
| glucose tollerance test | blood test for body's ability to metabolize carbs taken after 10-12 hr fast then repeated every hour for 4-6 hours after ingetsion of sugar solution |
| glucosulated hemoglbin a1c | blood tst for an average of glucose levels over the previous 2-3 months |
| postprandial blood sugar | test for glucos in blod two hours after meal |
| radioactive immunoassay | test for measuring hormone levels in plasma; taken after radioactive solution is ingested |
| radioactive iodine uptake | test for how quickly thyroid gland pulls in ingested iodine |
| thyroid function test | test for levels of tsh t3 t4 in blood plasma to determine thyroid function |
| thyroid scan | imaging test for thyroid abnormalities |
| urine sugar | test for diabetes determined by presence of sugar in urine |
| acidosis | abnormal accumulation of ketones in body |
| acromegaly | abnormally enlarged features resulting from pituitary tumor and hypersecretion of growth hormone |
| addison's disease | underactivity of adrena glands |
| cushings syndrome | group of symptoms caused by overactivity of adrenal glands |
| diabetes insipidus | condition caused by hypo secretion of atidiuretic hormone |
| diabetes nephropathy | kidney disease due to diabetes |
| diabetic neuropathy | loss of snesation in extremities due to diabetes |
| diabetic retinopathy | gradual loss of vision due to diabetes |
| dwarfism | abnormally stunted growth caused by hyposecretion of growth hormone congenital lack of thyroid gland or genetic defect |
| exophthalmos | abnormal protrusion of eyes typical of graves disease |
| gigantism | abnormall fasat and lareg growth casued by hypersecretion of growth hormone |
| glucosuria | glucose in urine |
| glycosuria | glucose in urine |
| graves disease | overactivity of thyroid gland |
| goiter | abnormally enlargement of thyroid gland |
| hirsutism | abnormal hari growth due to an excess of androgens |
| hyperadrenalism | overactivity of adrenal glands |
| hyperparathroidism | overactivity of parathyroid glands |
| hypersecretion | abnormally high secretion |
| hyperthyroidism | overactivity of thyroid gland |
| hypo adrenalism | underactivity of adrenal glands |
| hypoglycemia | abnormally low level of glucose in blood |
| hypoparathyroidism | underactivity of parathyroid gland |
| hyposecretion | abnormally low secretions |
| hypothyroidism | underactivity of thyroid gland |
| ketoacidosis | condition of high acid levels caused by abnormal accumulation of ketones in body |
| ketosis | condition caused by abnormal elease of ketones |
| myxedema | advanced adult hypothyroidism |
| pancreatitis | inflammation of pancreas |
| poludipsia | excessive thirst |
| polyuria | exxcessive excretion of urin |
| syndrome in inapprpriate adh | excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone |
| tetany | neurological sndrome usually due to decrease serum levels of Ca in blood |
| thyrotoxicosis | state of dangerousl high levels of thyroid hormones |
| type I diabetes | endocrine disorder with abnormally low or completely absent levels of inslin; insulin dpendent diabetes mellitus |
| type II diabetes | diseasecaused by failure of body to recognize insulin that is present or by and banormally low level of insulin; noninsulin dependent diabtetes mellitus; adult onset |
| virilism | condition with excessive androgen productino often resulting ina ppearance of mature male characterisitics in young |
| adenectomy | removal of gland |
| adrenalectomy | removal of adrenal gland |
| hypophysectomy | removal of piuitary gland |
| [ancreatectomy | removal of pancreas |
| parathyroidectomy | removal of one or more of parathyroid glands |
| thymectomy | removal of thymus gland |
| thyroidectomy | removal of thyroid gland |
| antihyperglycemic | agent that lowers blood glucose |
| antihypogycemic | agent that raises blood glucose |
| hormone replacement therapy | ingestion of hormones to replace missing one |
| human growth hormones | naturally occurring subsatance in body that prmotes growth; synthesie substace that seves the same function |
| hypoglycemic | agent that lowers blood glucose |
| radioactive iodine therapy | use of radioactive iodine to eliminate thyroid tumors |
| steroid | hormoe or chemical substance released b several endocrine glands or manufactured in various medications |
Created by:
cs3516
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