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Supreme Court
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| (1789-1795)- first SC CJ | John Jay |
| (1801-1835)- longest serving CJ; judicial review | John Marshall |
| (1835-1864)- CJ during Dred Scott | Roger Taney |
| (1865- 1873)- Lincoln appointed to get out of the way | Salmon Chase |
| (1874-1888)- Grange cases | Morrison Waite |
| (1888-1910)- Plessy and Lochner; laissez faire | Melville Fuller |
| (1921-1930)- Judges bill; SC building; also president and SOH | William Howard Taft |
| (1930-1941)- ran for president | Charles Evan Hughes |
| (1953-1969)- rightness over reasonableness | Earl Warren |
| (1969-1986)- not a strong leader, lots of opinions | Warren Burger |
| (1986-2007)- court tries to move more conservative | William Rehnquist |
| (1902-1932)- the great dissenter; judicial restraint | Oliver Wendell Holmes |
| (1916-1939)- 1st Jew, intellectual leader; reasonableness of legislative action | Louis Brandeis |
| (1956-1990)- judicial activism and privacy | William Brennan |
| (1967-1991)- 1st black justice; very liberal | Thurgood Marshall |
| (1939-1975)- longest serving justice | William Douglass |
| All 9 current justices | Scalia, Thomas, Breyer, Kennedy, Ginsburg, Sotomayor, Kagan, Roberts, Alito |
| Judges bill | Judicial Act of 1925; allowed for discretionary review instead of mandatory; under Taft; if 4 judges wanted to hear a case, they would |
| 3 levels of the federal court system | District, Appellate, and Supreme |
| Brown vs. Board of Education (I) | Facts: Black children were denied the ability to go to school with white children. |
| Regents of the University of California vs. Bakke | Facts: A 35-year-old white man tried to apply twice to UCLA’s med school. They only accept 100 students, and 16 blacks automatically got into the school. He was rejected twice, and would have been ahead of all 16 of the black students (he was #85). |
| Furman vs. Georgia | Facts: A young man was burglarizing a home. The homeowner saw the guy, the burglar fell down the stairs, and accidentally shot and killed the homeowner. He was sentenced to death. |
| Griswold vs. Connecticut | Facts: Griswold was the head of the Connecticut Planned Parenthood. She and the Medical Director gave contraceptive advice to a married couple. However, there was a Connecticut law that forbade giving information on contraceptives to married couples. |
| Roe v. Wade | Facts: Roe wanted to end her pregnancy through abortion, but Texas law prohibited it except in the case of the woman’s life. |
| U.S. v. Nixon | Facts: The prosecutors of the Watergate Scandal sought audio tapes recorded by Nixon. Nixon stated he was immune through “executive privilege,” which reserved his right to Withhold confidential information within the executive branch. |
| Baker vs. Carr | Facts: Some citizens of Tennessee were displeased that the state legislature’s districts were drawn unfairly, even though there was a law against gerrymandering. They were essentially ignoring population changes in Tennessee. |
| Marbury vs. Madison | Facts: In the last days of his presidency, John Adams nominated obscure people to new posts in the government. They sued for their jobs in the Supreme Court. |
| Dred Scott vs. Stanford | Facts: Dred Scott, a slave, was brought into a free state from a slave state. He was arguing that since he was now in free territory, he was a free man. |
| Plessy vs. Ferguson | Facts: The trains brought in to Louisiana didn’t want to segregate white and black, as it was more cost effective. A 7/8 Caucasian man sat in the white section and was arrested. |
| Muller vs. Oregon | Facts: Oregon had a law that prohibited women from working more than 10 hours in the factories as to not prohibit family life. |
| Schenck vs. US | Facts: A man mailed circulars suggesting the draft was bad and suggested peaceful actions, such as petition. The government said it was conspiring against the government against the draft. |
| Tinker vs. Des Moines | Facts: In 1965, the Tinker family wore black armbands during the holidays to show their support for a truce in Vietnam. The principals met 2 days before and banned them. Students still wore the armbands on December 16, and the day after. |
| Texas vs. Johnson | Facts: A man burned the US flag as a protest to the Reagan Administration. He was sentenced to one year in jail. |
| Engel vs. Vitale | Facts: NY had a short, nondenominational voluntary prayer at the start of every day, which atheists could opt out of |
| Miller vs. California | Facts: Miller conducted a mass mailing advertising the sale of adult material. He was convicted of violating California’s obscenity law. |
| Miranda v. AR | Facts: A man with only a ninth grade education, Ernesto Miranda elicited a confession, which was the sole evidence to convict him of rape and kidnapping. Miranda’s side said that without the guidance of a lawyer, he was under too much pressure. |
Created by:
swimmingninja42
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