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Ch. 7
Ch. 7 anatomy flashcards
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Body weight of skeleton | 20 percent |
| Number of bones | 206 |
| Two division of the skeleton | axial, appendicular |
| Where is the axial? | middle, down the trunk, medial |
| What does the axial division include? | skull, vertebral column, rib cage |
| What does the appendicular division include? | bones of the limbs |
| What do the girdles connect? | limbs to the trunk |
| What are the 2 types of girdles? | pectoral girdle (clavicle & scapula), pelvic girdle (hip (coxals) ilium, ischium, pubis) |
| What 2 sets of bones make up the skull? | cranial (8), facial (14); can be paired or unpaired |
| Fontanels are the membrane spaces between the | cranial bones of infants |
| Fontanels allow the skull to be | compressed during birth |
| Fontanels allow the brain to | grow |
| Immovable joint that unites cranial bones | sutures |
| Frontal bones meet parietal bones | coronal |
| 2 parietal bones meet | sagittal |
| Parietal bones meet occipital | lambdoidal |
| Parietal and temporal on each side | squamosal |
| Paranasal sinuses are air filled cavities within | some cranial bones and facial bones |
| 3 functions of the paranasal sinuses | decrease weight of the skull, increase the resonance of your voice, warm and humidify inhaled air |
| 4 major sinuses | frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, maxillary |
| Mastoid process contains | sinuses-may easily become infected |
| Mastoid process is next to middle ear and separate from the brain by | thin bony plate |
| Infection of mastoid sinus | mastoiditis |
| Mandibular condyle articulate with | mandibular fossa |
| Hyoid bone | in neck |
| Characteristics of hyoid bone | doesn’t form joint, serves as attachment site for tongue and neck muscles, may be fractured by blow to neck |
| Vertebral column | spine, backbone |
| Characteristics of vertebral column | strong but flexible, protects spinal cord, composed of irregular bones, supported by intervertebral discs |
| Intervertebral discs are | cushion like pads between vertebrae – shock absorber |
| Annulus fibrosus-outer ring of | fibrocartilage |
| Nucleus pulposus-inner (semifluid, pulpy) | spongy contents |
| Herniated disc-slipped disc with | ruptured annulus fibrosus |
| Nucleus pulposus may | protrude and press on a nerve |
| What are the divisions of the vertebral column? | cervical vertebrae-7, thoracic vertebrae-12, lumbar vertebrae-5, sacrum-5 fused vertebrae, coccyx-4 fused vertebrae |
| Congenital, disease, poor posture, unequal | abnormal curves |
| Lateral curve; twisted disease; most common in girls | scoliosis |
| “hunchback” exaggerated thoracic curve (elderly) | kyphosis |
| “sway back” exaggerated lumbar curve-pregnancy, potbelly | lordosis |
| 2 causes of abnormal curves | congenital, osteoporosis |
| Body of a typical vertebrae; weight bearing region | centrum |
| 2 pedicles 2 lamins (flat plates) | vertebral arch |
| Vertebral foramen-enclosed space-vertebral column contains | spinal cord |
| Intervertebral foramen-side openings where nerves | go to and from spinal cord-2 vertebrae together |
| Prominences or projections | processes |
| Function of processes | attachment point for muscles and ligaments, articulate with other vertebrae |
| Types of processes | transverse, spinous |
| Protrude from pedicale –laminae junctions | articular processes |
| Articular processes | 2 superior processes, 2 inferior processes |
| Smallest and lightest | c1-c7 |
| Unususal, highly modified, no intervertebral disc | c1 & c2 |
| Atlas | c1 |
| Functions of atlas | supports the head, articulates with occipital condyles of the skull, has a bony arch with no body, no spinous process |
| Axis | c2 |
| Functions of the axis | dens, projects up thru atlas, serves as pivot point for the atlas |
| Knob like feature odontoid process | dens |
| Prominent vertebrae | vertebra prominens-c7 |
| Thoracic vertebrae | t1-t12 |
| Characteristics of the thoracic vertebrae | articulate with the ribs, possess downward pointing spinous processes |
| Lumbar vertebrae | l1-l5 |
| Characteristics of lumbar vertebrae | largest and receive the most stress (small of back), possess short thick projections for attachment of long back muscles, have the most pressure (ruptured discs occur here) |
| Characteristics of sacrum | triangular; formed by fusion of s1-s5 vertebrae |
| Location of sacrum | back wall of pelvis articulates superiorly w/ L5 and inferiorly w/ coccyx |
| Anterior surface of sacrum | bulges into pelvic cavity |
| Indicates the beginning of the pelvis | sacral promontory |
| Dorsal surface of sacrum | rough-median sacral crest (fused with spinous processes) |
| Sacral canal | vertebral canal |
| Sacral hiatus | gap-opening external surface-site for spinal taps |
| Tailbone | coccyx |
| Chest | thorax |
| Bony components of thorax | thoracic vertebrae, ribs, sternum, costal cartilage |
| 3 parts of sternum | manubrium, body, xiphoid process |
| 3 anatomical landmarks | jugular notch, sternal angle, xiphisternal joint |
| 12 pairs | ribs |
| 2 types of ribs | true ribs, false ribs |
| Attached directly to sternum by costal cartilage | true ribs |
| Not attached directly to sternum | false ribs |
| Attached to sternum | floating ribs |
Created by:
charleen920
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