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AnS 214L
Animal Science 214L at Iowa State University
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| arteri- | artery |
| arth-, arthr- | joint |
| brachi- | arm |
| cardi- | heart |
| carpus | wrist |
| cauda- | tail |
| cephalo-, crani | head |
| cerebro-, encephalo- | brain |
| cervic | neck |
| chond- | cartilage |
| corpus | body |
| cortex | shell, outside layer |
| cost- | rib |
| erythro- | red |
| hemo- | blood |
| leuko- | white |
| myel- | bone marrow |
| myo- | muscle |
| nas-, rhin- | nose |
| neur- | nerve |
| optic-, opt- | eye |
| oss-, osteo- | bone |
| ot-, auri- | ear |
| ped, pod | foot |
| pharyngo-, fauci-, laryngo- | throat |
| pleur- | chest lining |
| pneum-, pulm- | lungs |
| tarsus | ankle |
| thora- | chest |
| trache- | windpipe |
| vaso- | vessel |
| infra- | below |
| inter- | between |
| mega-, megalo- | large |
| semi- | half |
| supra- | above |
| syn- | union |
| -clast | to break |
| -emia | blood |
| -lemma | sheath or husk |
| -plasty | plastic surgery |
| dorsal | backside |
| ventral | front, stomach |
| anterior, cranial, superior | towards the head |
| posterior, caudal, inferior | towards the tail |
| medial | toward the middle or body midline |
| lateral | away from the body midline, toward the side |
| proximal | near, close to point under consideration |
| distal | far or away, farther from the point under consideration |
| Frontal (coronal) plane | divides animal into dorsal and ventral portions |
| Transverse plane | divides animal into cranial and caudal portions |
| Median (midsagittal) plane | separate and animal into left and right halves |
| Sagittal planes | any plane parallel to the midsagittal (median) plane, divides animal into left and right portions |
| secrete | produces AND exports the substance out of the tissue or organ |
| excrete | substance is made elsewhere but organ or tissue only exports |
| Parotid salivary glands | below the ears |
| Submaxillary (submandibular) salivary glands | base of jaw on medial edge |
| Sublingual salivary glands | on either side, below the tongue |
| Saliva contains? | Mucin, bicarbonate, water, and--in some species--salivary amylase |
| Mucin | slippery glycoprotein that functions in lubrication |
| Bicarbonate | ionic salt that functions to keep the mouth pH near neutrality |
| Salivary amylase | enzyme that breaks down starch to maltose. Initiates starch digestion |
| Buccal cavity | empty space in the mouth |
| Hard palate | roof of mouth with underlying bone |
| Soft palate | softer tissue posterior to the hard palate |
| Pharynx | open space behind the buccal cavity. Joint passageway for both food and air. |
| Larynx | between pharynx and trachea. Contains vocal cords and functions in vocalization. |
| Epiglottis | blocks larynx during swallowing to prevent food/drink from entering the larynx, and lungs. |
| Trachea | transports air from the larynx to the bronchi. Cartilage rings |
| Esophagus | carries ingested food from the pharynx to the stomach |
| Pleura | membrane lining the walls of the thoracic cavity and surrounding the lungs. Cushions and provides lubrication to the lungs. |
| Pericardium | membrane surrounding the heart, forms a fluid filled sac that contains the heart. Functions to contain the heart within the chest cavity and prevent heart from over-expanding. |
| Diaphragm | Skeletal muscle that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Contraction increases size of the thoracic cavity. |
| Peritoneum | membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and surrounds vital organs. Supports vital organs. |
| Liver | major metabolic processing unit that maintains levels of nutrients in the blood. Secretes bile. |
| Gall bladder | stores and excretes bile. |
| Stomach | produces hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen to begin digestion of proteins. |
| Greater omentum | lacey in appearance. Produces leukocytes. |
| Spleen | Two functions: produces lymphocytes and removes old and damaged erythrocytes |
| Pancreas | in duodenal loop of small intestine. Endocrine functions (secretes hormones glucagon and insulin) and exocrine functions (secretes digestive enzymes, such as trypsinogen and chymotrypsinogen). |
| Small intestine | digestion of foodstuffs and absorption of digestive products |
| Duodenum | first part of the small intestine. Receives chyme from the stomach. Produces bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme. Receives bile from gall bladder and enzymes secreted by the pancreas. |
| Jejunum | middle portion of the small intestine and usually the longest. Digestion of protein and carbohydrate is fairly complete here. Absorption of monosaccharides, amino acids, calcium, and iron (MACI). |
| Ileum | absorption of water, electrolytes, bile salts and vitamin B12 (WEBB). Connects to the large intestine. |
| Ileocecal valve | regulates flow of material from ileum to large intestine |
| Mesentery | folds of peritoneum that connect and anchor the small intestine |
| Hepatic portal system | network of blood vessels that collect blood from the stomach, small and large intestine, and delivers it directly to the liver. Blood will be high in absorbed nutrients. |
| Cecum | blind sac. Microbial fermentation of residual starch and some cellulose. Absorption of fermentation products and water. |
| Colon | longest part of large intestine. Microbial fermentation and absorption. |
| Rectum | last part of large intestine. Formation of characteristic shape of droppings. |
| Anus | external opening of digestive tract |
| Kidneys | removal of waste products from blood and regulation of blood volume and body pH |
| Urinary bladder | stores urine |
| Exoskeleton | hard, outer skeleton that is outside of the body |
| Endoskeleton | skeleton embedded in the muscle |
| Axial skeleton | consists of skull, costae (ribs), vertebrae, and sternum |
| Appendicular skeleton | consists of bones of appendages/limbs |
| Heterotrophic bones | bones embedded in the organs |
| Os rostrale | bone in snout of pig |
| Ossa cordis | bones in heart of cattle, sheep, and goats |
| Os phrenic | bone in the diaphragm of camels |
| Ossa penis | bones in the penis of carnivores and rodents |
| Scleral rings | round bones found in the eyes of birds |
| Hyoid apparatus | bone in tongue of avians and mammals |
| Origin | end of muscle is attached to a stationary part of bone |
| Insertion | end of muscle that is attached to a mobile section of bone |
| Tendons | attach muscles to bone |
| Ligaments | attach bone to bone |
| Epiphysis | two ends of long bone |
| Diaphysis | shaft of long bone |
| Epiphyseal-Diaphyseal plate | growth region between epiphysis and diaphysis |
| Endosteum | membrane lining medullary cavity |
| Periosteum | membrane covering the outer surface of bone compromised of connective tissue |
| Medullary cavity | hollow area in center of bone where marrow is located. Bone marrow produces blood cells. |
| Diploe | spongy bone |
| Coracoid | bone behind clavicle in birds |
| Pygostyle | tailbone of birds |
| Myoepithelial cells | contractile cells that surround alveolus |
| Medial suspensory ligament | primary support for the udder. Runs down the middle of the udder. |
| Lateral suspensory ligament | on sides of udder to provide additional support. |
| Pudic artery | main blood supply to udder |
| Subcutaneous abdominal veins and pudic veins | main blood return pathways to the heart from the udder |
| Peristalsis | progressive alternating wave of coordinated contraction and relaxation of smooth muscle (result: movement) |
| Segmentation | stationary rhythmic contraction and relaxation of circular intestinal smooth muscle (result: mixing) |
| Biceps femoris | on lateral part of hind leg |
| Cutaneous trunci | under skin, horizontal striations, usually comes off with skin |
| Gastrocnemius | middle of hind leg, contracts with movement |
| Gluteus group | anterior to tail |
| Gracilis | medial part of hind leg, thin sheet |
| Infraspinatus | below scapula ridge |
| Latissimus dorsi | caudal of shoulder |
| Longissimus | along exterior of spine |
| Obliquus externus abdominis | lateral of rectus abdominis, striations run diagonally |
| Pectorales profundi | wraps around medial part of front legs |
| Quadriceps femoris | near stifle on cranial part of hind leg |
| Rectus abdominis | stomach region, your "abs" |
| Semimembranosus | inner leg, lateral to Gracilis |
| Semitendinosus | caudal part of hind leg, below tail |
| Serratus ventralis | medial, beneath Latissimus dorsi |
| Supraspinatus | in front of the scapula ridge |
| Trapezius | dorsal of shoulder and looks like a large dark triangle |
| Triceps group | caudal part of front leg |
| Subscapularis | back of scapula |
| Psoas major | ventral to vertebrae and begins caudal to last rib, inside of body |
Created by:
DLille24
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