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Supreme Court Cases
| Case | N2K |
|---|---|
| Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) | Fed govt controls interstate trade (commerce) |
| Marbury v. Madison (1803) | Est Judicial Review |
| McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) | Fed govt is supreme over state govt (Supremacy Clause) |
| De jure segregation | sanctioned by law |
| De facto segregation | brought about by social or economic circumstances rather than written law |
| Korematsu v. US (1944) | Pres has the right to issue the executive order in a time of war to maintain national security |
| Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | separate but equal is okay |
| Brown v. Board (1954) | struck down separate but equal and ordered integration of the nation's schools with "all deliberate speed" |
| Heart of Atlanta Motel v. US (1964) | places of public accommodations had no right to select guests as they saw fit. Fed govts' pwr over interstate commerce allowed them to enforce this |
| Swann v. Charlotte - Mecklenburg BOE (1969) | busing can be used to integrate schools |
| Affirmative Action | coined in 1965 by Pres Johnson policy designed to help minorities who traditionally been discriminated against given special consideration and/or actively recruited for jobs, admittance to universities, etc. |
| Regents of UC v. Bakke (1978) | state supported school could use race as a basis for admission, though it ruled quotas are illegal |
| Gregg v. Georgia (1976) | Death penalty is constitutional if there are guidelines and rules provided to the jury so it is applied consistently |
| Furman v. Georgia (1972) | Death penalty was not constitutional in the way that it was applied. They weren't applying it fairly |
| Mapp v. Ohio (1961) | police are not allowed to use legally obtained evidence in a trial |
| Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) | you have a right to an attorney, even if you can't afford one |
| Miranda v. Arizona (1966) | set the Miranda rule/warnings |
| Engle v. Vitale (1962) | no prayer in public school |
| NJ v. TLO (1985) | In order to ensure safety of students, schools can check lockers randomly or with "reasonable suspicion" |
| Tinker v. Des Moines (1969) | the wearing of arm bands is protected as a symbolic speech |
| Bethel School District v. Fraser (1986) | in order to maintain order on campus, schools' can set limits on language and expression if they can prove that the actions are distracting |
| Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988) | School administration may place restrictions on a school newspaper and can censor it |
| Schenck v. US (1919) | in a time of war, govt can limit speech if it is a "clear and present danger" |
| Texas v. Johnson (1989) | you can burn a flag in protest as a symbolic speech and cannot be outlawed |
| State (NC) v. Mann (1830) | NCSC ruled slave owners can't be punished for destroying their own property |
| The Leandro Case/Leandro v. State (1977) | reinforced that nc govt is obligated to live up to guidelines of const |
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_xokayleighxo_
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