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Medical Term. Words
Chapter 4
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Arthr/o | joint |
| Chondr/o | cartilage |
| Cost/o | rib |
| Myel/o | bone marrow; spinal cord |
| Oste/o | bone |
| -blast | immature |
| Cartilage | flexible connective tissue |
| Osteoblasts | immature bone cells |
| Osteocytes | mature bone cells |
| Skull | has two types of bones (cranial & facial bones) |
| Axial skeleton | skull, vertebral column, rib cage, & sternum |
| Appendicular skeleton | arms, legs, pectoral girdle, pelvic girdle |
| Arthrocentesis | puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint |
| Arthritis | joint inflammation |
| Arthrotomy | cutting in to the joint |
| Arthroscopy | visual examination of inside a joint |
| Intracranial | within the cranium |
| Craniotomy | cutting into the cranium |
| Myeloma | bone marrow tumor |
| Costochondritis | inflammation of rib cartilage |
| Osteopathy | bone disease |
| Osteoporosis | porous bones which break easily |
| Intervertebral | between the vertebrae |
| long | longer than wide |
| Diaphysis | Narrow part of the bone; the long part of the bone |
| Compact bone | solid |
| Spongy bone | has holes; looks spongy |
| Medullary | hollow part down the bone middle of the bone; has red or yellow bone marrow |
| Short bones | about as wide as they are long |
| Flat bones | plate shaped (ex: sternum, scapula) |
| Irregular | ex: vertebrae |
| Condyle | rounded, articulated surface (part of a joint) |
| Foramen | hole through a bone |
| Fossa | shallow depression |
| Ball and joint socket | shoulder and hip are the two found in humans (is a synovial joint) |
| Synovial joint | most common type of joint and has synovial fluid |
| Synovial membrane | makes synovial fluid |
| Synovial fluid | fluid inside synovial joint |
| Orthopedics | bone & muscle doctor |
| Podiatrist | foot doctor |
| Carpal tunnel syndrome | compression of a nerve as it goes through wrist |
| NSAID | nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| corticosteriods | steroids |
| Anti-inflammatory agents | corticosteriods & nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) |
| Fibr/o | fiber |
| My/o | muscles |
| Myocardi/o | heart muscle |
| -trophy | development |
| Skeletal muscles | attaches to the bone; voluntary |
| Tendon | attaches skeletal muscle to bone |
| Smooth muscle | found in internal organs; involuntary |
| Cardiac muscle | muscle of the heart; also called myocardium |
| Origin | where muscle attaches to the immovable bone |
| Insertion | where muscle attaches to movable bone |
| Muscle action | what a muscle does |
| Abduction | movement away from midline of body |
| Adduction | movement toward the midline of body |
| flexion | bending |
| Extension | straightening out |
| Dorsiflexion of foot | action that moves foot off accelerator |
| Plantar flexion of foot | action that pushes foot down on accelerator |
| Eversion of foot | turning foot outward with toes still forward |
| Inversion of foot | turning foot inward with toes still forward |
| Supination of hand | turning palms up (radius and ulna parallel) |
| Pronation of hand | turning palms down (radius and ulna crossed) |
| Elevation | to raise a body part up |
| Depression | to lower a body part |
| Opposition | touching palmar surface of thumb to palmar surface of other fingers |
| Myopathy | disease of muscle |
| Polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles |
| Tendinitis | inflammation of a muscle |
| Atrophy | loss growth |
| Dystrophy | poor growth |
| Hypertrophy | excessive growth or development |
| Pseudohypertrophy | looks like excessive growth but isn't (false growth) |
Created by:
avilak
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