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We the People CH. 2
The Founding and the Constitution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| confederation | a system of government in which states retain sovereign authority except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government |
| Virginia plan | a framework for the constitution that called for representation in the national legislature based on the population of each state |
| New Jersey plan | a framework for the Constitution that called for equal state representation in the national legislature regardless of population |
| Great Compromise | the agreement reached at the constitutional convention of 1787 that gave each state en equal number of senators regardless of its population, but linked representation in the house of representatives to population |
| Three-fifths compromise | the agreement reached at the constitutional convention of 1787 that stipulated that for purposes of the apportionment of congressional seats, every slave would be counted as three-fifths of a person |
| checks and balances | mechanisms through which each branch of government is able to participate in and influence the activities of the other branches |
| electoral college | the presidential electors from each state who meet after the popular election to cast ballots for president and vice president |
| bill of rights | the first 10 amendments to the U.S. constitution, ratified in 1791; they ensure certain rights and liberties to the people |
| separation of powers | the division of governmental power among several institutions that must cooperate in decision making |
| federalism | a system of government in which power is divided, by a constitution, between a central government and regional governments |
| expressed powers | specific powers granted by the constitution to congress and to the president |
| elastic clause | enumerates the powers of congress and provides congress with the authority to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry them out |
| bicameral | having a legislative assembly composed of two chambers or houses; distinguished from unicameral |
| judicial review | the power of the courts to review and declare actions of the legislative and executive branches invalid or unconstitutional |
| supremacy clause | Article VI of the constitution, which states that laws passed by the national government and all treaties are the supreme law of the land and superior to all laws adapted by any state or any subdivision |
| Federalists | those who favored a strong national government and supported the constitution proposed at the american constitutional convention of 1787 |
| anti federalists | those who favored strong state governments and a weak national government and who were opponents of the constitution proposed at the american constitutional convention 1787 |
| Federalist papers | a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay supporting ratification of the Constitution. |
| tyranny | oppressive government that employs cruel and unjust use of power and authority |
| limited government | a principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution |
| amendment | a change added to a bill, law or constitution |
| articles of condeferation | america's first written constitution; served America's first written constitution, and served as the basis for America's national governement |
Created by:
JD27
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