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OOP #3
Diseases and Conditions H-Z
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Hemangioma | is a non-cancerous tumor caused by abnormal growth of blood vessels. They can occur anywhere on the body, but are most commonly found on the face and neck. While they can be present at birth, more often appear during the first six months of life. |
| Herpes Keratitis | is a viral infection of the eye caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV). Type I HSV is the most frequent cause of eye infections. |
| Herpes Zoster (Shingles) | The virus varicella zoster causes two distinct diseases: chicken pox and, if reactivated later in life |
| Histoplasmosis | is a disease caused when airborne fungus spores are inhaled. It initially is a lung infection. However, it is believed that the infection, even if mild, can later migrate to the eye through the blood stream and cause a serious eye disease called (OHS). |
| Hyphema | is a collection of blood in the front part of the eye. |
| Iridocorneal Endothelial Syndrome | (ICE) is a rare group of conditions whose three main features include swelling of the cornea, changes in the iris, and a form of glaucoma. |
| Ischemic Optic Neuropathy | (ION) is a sudden loss of central vision, side vision or both due to a decreased or interrupted blood flow to the eye’s optic nerve. Some ophthalmologists may describe as a stroke at the back of the eye. |
| Juvenile Macular Degeneration | is a series of inherited eye disorders that affects children and young adults. The most common form is Stargardt disease. Other types include Best’s disease and juvenile retinoschisis. All of these diseases are rare and cause central vision loss. |
| Keratitis | is a condition where the cornea becomes swollen or inflamed, making the eye red and painful and affecting vision. |
| Keratoconus | is a condition when the normally round cornea becomes thin and develops a cone-like bulge. |
| Low Vision | is a loss of eyesight that makes everyday tasks difficult or impossible, affecting central and/or peripheral (side) vision. Cannot be improved with regular eyeglasses, medicine or surgery. |
| Lucentis | is the brand name for ranibizumab, a drug injected into the eye to slow vision loss in people who have “wet” age-related macular degeneration (AMD). |
| Macular Edema | s a swelling or thickening of the macula, the area of the retina responsible for central vision. |
| Macular Hole | is a small break in the macula |
| Macular Pucker | is when the macula—part of the eye’s retina—wrinkles, creases or bulges, leading to blurry or distorted vision and possibly a blind spot in your visual field. |
| Macular Telangiectasia | is a disease affecting the macula, causing loss of central vision. Develops when there are problems w/ the tiny bv's around the fovea. |
| Marfan Syndrome | is a genetic disorder that affects the body’s connective tissue. Can affect many different parts of the body, as well. Features of the disorder are most often found in the heart, blood vessels, bones, joints, and eyes. |
| Microvascular Cranial Nerve Palsy | is a neurological condition that affects the muscles that move the eyes, causing inability to move the eyes in certain directions, double vision and sometimes a droopy eyelid. |
| Mohs Surgery | is a procedure used to remove skin cancer. It removes only tissue with cancer cells, it is commonly used on areas where it is important to minimize the removal of healthy tissue. For the eye area, used to remove basal cell and squamous cell cancers |
| Myasthenia Gravis | is a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes muscles to weaken and tire easily. The muscles that control eye and eyelid movement are affected, causing eyelid drooping, blurry vision or double vision. |
| Nearsightedness (Myopia) | is a refractive error, which means the eye does not bend or refract light properly.Close objects look clear but distant objects appear blurred. |
| Nevus | in the eye is a common, benign, pigmented growth, similar to a mole on your skin. |
| Nystagmus | is an involuntary, rapid and repetitive movement of the eyes — either side-to-side, up and down or vertical. |
| Ocular Hypertension | is when the pressure inside the eye is higher than normal. Unlike glaucoma, the optic nerve appears normal and no signs of glaucoma are found during visual field testing, which tests side (peripheral) vision. |
| Ocular Melanoma | is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce pigment — the substance that gives your skin, hair and eyes color. |
| Optical Coherence Tomography | is a non-invasive imaging test that uses light waves to take crossection pictures of your retina. Each of the retina’s distinctive layers can be seen, allowing your ophthalmologist to map and measure their thickness. |
| Optic Neuritis | is an inflammation of the eye’s optic nerve. |
| Pigment Dispersion Syndrome | is a condition in which increased amounts of pigment, the material that gives your iris its color, circulate in other parts of the eye. The tiny granules of pigment can clog your eye’s drainage system, causing eye pressure problems. |
| Pinguecula and Pterygium | are common, non-cancerous growths on the cornea and conjunctiva likely caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light, dry eye and wind and dust. |
| Presbyopia | is an age-related condition when the eye’s lens doesn’t change shape as easily as it once did, making it more difficult to read or see things at close range. |
| Ptosis | is when the upper eyelid droops, sometimes restricting or blocking vision. |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa | is a group of genetic disorders that affect the retina’s ability to respond to light, causing a slow loss of vision. |
| Retinoblastoma | is cancer of the eye that begins in the retina, and is most common among children. |
| Retinopathy of Prematurity | is an eye disease that occurs in a small percentage of premature babies where abnormal blood vessels grow on the retina. |
| Scleritis | is a painful swelling of the white part of the eye, which is also known as the sclera. In almost half of all cases,it is associated with an underlying autoimmune disorder such as rheumatoid arthritis. 2 types: anterior and posterior |
| Stargardt Disease | is the most common form of inherited juvenile macular degeneration. The progressive vision loss associated with it is caused by the death of specialized, light-sensitive photoreceptor cells in the central portion of the retina called the macula. |
| Steroid Tablets | Corticosteroids are medications used to treat inflammatory conditions affecting the eye and other parts of the body. They are dif from anabolic steroids, used by bodybuilders. They are found naturally in the body help to control allergic reactions. |
| Stickler Syndrome | is a genetic disorder that affects collagen, the connective tissue of the body. Collagen is a main component of the cornea. People can experience a range of problems,including eye disorders, hearing impairment and joint abnormalities. |
| Strabismus | is a visual problem in which the eyes are not aligned properly and point in different directions. One eye may look straight ahead, while the other eye turns inward, outward, upward or downward. |
| Stroke Affecting the Eye | Most people know that high bp and vascular diseases pose risks to health, but many may not know that HPB can affect vision by damaging the arteries in the eye. It's also known as a retinal artery occlusion. |
| Subconjunctival Hemorrhage | is a single, concentrated spot of blood, or many scattered blood splotches, under the conjunctiva, a clear membrane that covers the white of the eye (called the sclera) and the inner eyelids. |
| Torn or Detached Retina | is when the retina tears in one or more places / is when the retina is lifted off the wall of the back of the eye. |
| Trachoma | eye infection affecting OU, world’s leading cause of preventable blindness. Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. If untreated, scarring occurs inside eyelid. Leads to trachiasis. The eyelashes scratch cornea, turns cornea cloudy, corneal ulcers, vision loss. |
| Trichiasis | is a common eyelid abnormality in which the eyelashes are misdirected and grow inwards toward the eye. Those inward-turning lashes rub against the cornea, the conjunctiva and the inner surface of the eyelids, irritating the eye. |
| Twitching/Eyelid Spasm | is also called blepharospasm, is abnormal and involuntary |
| Usher Syndrome | is the most common genetic condition that affects both vision and hearing. The major symptoms of it are hearing loss and vision loss from an eye disorder called retinitis pigmentosa, or RP. |
| Uveitis | is inflammation of the uvea, the middle layer of the eye between the retina and the sclera (white of the eye), and can lead to vision loss if left untreated. |
| Vitamin A Deficiency | A lack of access to a balanced diet with enough of it can lead to a deficiency. It is the leading cause of preventable blindness in children worldwide. An estimated 250,000 to 500,000 children become blind every year because of it. |
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