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Skeleton
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Long Bones | Arms and Legs |
| Diaphysis | long shaft |
| Epiphysis | two ends of the long bone |
| Medullary Canal | cavity in the Diaphysis |
| Yellow Marrow | storage area for fat cell, forms leukocytes |
| Leukocytes | white blood cells |
| Endosteum | membrane that lines the Medullary Canal and keep yellow marrow intact |
| Red Marrow | found in the vertebrae, ribs, sternum, and cranium. Produce red blood cells and platelettes |
| Erithrocyes | red blood cells |
| thrombocytes | platelettes |
| Periosteum | tough outer membrane containing blood vessels, lymph vessels, and osteoblasts (special cells that form new bone tissue) |
| Flat Bones | in your skull, ribs, and sternum |
| irregular Bones | spinal column and pelvis |
| Short bones | in your wrist and ankle |
| Axial Skeleton | forms the main trunk of the body and is composed of the skull, spinal column, ribs, and breastbone. |
| Skull | composed of the cranial and facial bones |
| Cranium | spherical structure that surrounds and protects the brain |
| Frontal | 1- Forehead |
| Parietal | 2- roof to the side of your head |
| Temporal | 2- sides of the head, house the ears |
| Occipital | 1- base of skull in the back |
| Ethmoid | 1- between the eyes, forms part of the nasal septum |
| Sphenoid | 1- resembles a bat behind the eyes |
| Fontanels | spaces "soft spots" that allow for the enlargement of the skull as the brain grows. Made of a membrane and cartilage that turn into bone at 18 months of age. |
| Sutures | areas where the cranial bones have joined together |
| Sinuses | air spaces in the bones of the skull that act as resonating chambers for the voice. They are lined with mucous membranes |
| Foramina | openings in the bone that allow nerves and blood vessels to enter or leave the bone |
| Facial Bones | 14 |
| Mandible | 1- lower jaw, only movable bone in your face |
| Maxilla | 2- Upper jaw |
| Zygomatic | 2- cheek |
| Lacrimal | 2- inter aspect of the eyes |
| Nasal | 5- Nose |
| Palatine | 2- hard palate of the mouth |
| Spinal Column | provides support for head and attachment for the ribs |
| Vertabrae | 26- protect the spinal chord and provide support for the head and trunk |
| Intervertabral Disk | pads of cartilage tissue seperate the vertabrae, act as shock absorbers and permit bending and twisting movements of the vertebral column |
| Cervical | 7- Neck (C1-C7) |
| Atlas | first cervical (C1) allows you to nod your head |
| Axis | second cervial (C2) allow to turn head left and right |
| Throacic | 12- chest |
| Lumbar | 5- waist |
| Sacrum | 1- back of pelvic girdle (helps form hips) |
| Coccyx | 1- Tailbone |
| Ribs | 12 pairs (24) "costae" attach to the thoracic vertebrae on the ventral surface of the body, also prtect heart and lungs |
| True Ribs | first seven pairs (14) attach directly to the sternum on the front of the body |
| False Ribs | the next five pairs of ribs (10) the first three pairs attach to the cartilage of the rib above |
| Floating Ribs | part of false ribs- last 2 of the 5 pairs of false ribs, have no attachment on the front of the bey. They have attachemnt of the dorsal surface on the throacic spinal region |
| Sternum | "breastbone" ribs attached with costal cartilage to form a "cage" that protects the heart and lungs |
| Manubrium | upper region of sternum- two collar bones are attached here by ligaments |
| Gladiolus | body of the sternum- middle |
| Xiphoid Process | a small peice of cartilage at the bottom of the sternum, commonly broken in CPR |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Forms the extremities (arms and legs) |
| Clavicles | 2- collar bones (right and left) |
| Scapulas | 2- shoulder blades, provide for the attachment of the upper arm bones |
| Humerus | 1-upper arm bone |
| Radius | 1- lower arm of the thumb side that rotates around the ulna to allow the hand to turn freely |
| Ulna | 1- larger bone of the lower arm with a projection called the olecranon process that helps form the elbow |
| Carpals | 8- wrist |
| Metacarpals | 5- palm of hand (front and back) |
| Phalanges | 14- fingers (3 on each finger, and two on each thumb) |
| Pelvic Girdle | 2 sockets |
| Os Coxae | 2- hip bones, join with the sacrum on the dorsal part of the body |
| Symphysis Pubis | os coxae join together at this joint |
| Acetabula | the pelvic girdle contains two recessed areas or sockets, provide for the attachment of the femur |
| Obturator Foramen | opening between ischium and pubis, allows for the passage of nerves and blood vessels to and from the leg |
| Femur | 1- thigh bone, strongest bone in the body |
| Patella | 1- knee cap |
| Tibia | 1- the larger bone of the lower leg commonly called the shin bone |
| Fibula | 1- smaller bone of the lower leg |
| Tarsals | 7- ankle |
| Metatarsals | 5- instep of the foot |
| Phalanges (foot) | 14- toes (two in the big toe and three for the rest of the toes) |
| Calcaneous | the heel |
| Joint | where two or more bones join together |
| Ligaments | connective tissue bands that help hold bones together at joints (bone to bone) |
| Tendon | holds muscle to bone through fibrous tissue |
| Articular Cartilage | smooth, slippary cap that covers the joint surface. shock absorber and helps prevent friction between parts |
| Articular Capsule | encloses articular surfaces of the bones |
| Synovial Membrane | lines the articular capsule |
| Synovial Fluid | lubricating substance in the synovial cavity |
| Bursa Sac | fluid filled sac surrounding joints |
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