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SPC APII Lect Immune
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the two major types of immunity? | Innate (non-specific) Defense & Adaptive (specific) Immunity |
| Explain Innate (non-specific) Defense | Defenses present @ birth; always present, avail., & fast; general similar action against all microbes; no memory; two lines of defense - 1 & 2 |
| Explain Adaptive (specific) Immunity | Defenses develop over time based upon exposure; specific microbe recognition & response due to 'memory'; involves Lymphocytes(B&T cells); AKA the 3rd line of defense |
| Define Antigen | Anything foreign(not-self), or perceived as foreign (bacteria, virus, toxin, transplanted or cancer cells) |
| Define Antibody | Protein produced in response to a specific antigen |
| Define Pathogen | Disease causing antigen |
| Define Immunity | Ability to prevent damage or disease |
| Define Susceptibility | Vulnerability; lack of immunity(resistance) |
| Define Resistance | Ability to ward off disease through body defenses |
| What are the lines of defense? | 1:Skin/mucus membranes; 2:Inflammatory response, fever, antimicrobial proteins, NK cells; 3: Immune Response |
| What cells are involved in the 1st line of defense? What type of immunity is this? | Neutrophils 1st, Macrophages 2nd. Non-specific(innate)Defense |
| What cells are involved in the 2nd line of defense? What type of immunity is this?` | Basophils, Eosinophils. Non-specific(innate)Defense |
| What cells are involved in the 3rd line of defense? What type of immunity is this? | T-cells, B-cells. Specific(adaptive)Immunity |
| What are the body's 2 mechanical barriers of defense to damage/disease? | Epidermis & mucus membranes |
| What are the body's 9 chemical barriers of defense to damage/disease? | Sebaceous glands, perspiration, lysozyme, hyaluronic acid, gastric juice, vaginal secretions, vomiting, urination, defecation |
| What are the 3 general categories/types of antimicrobial proteins? | Transferrins, Interferon, Complement |
| Explain Transferrin proteins | Transport proteins that bind to iron; transported to liver for storage; released later as needed |
| Explain Interferon proteins | Interferres with viruses; prod. by lymphocytes, macrophages, & fibroblasts infected by virus; binds to uninfected cells & inhibits viral replication; important defense against infect. by many diff. viruses |
| Explain Complement proteins | Group of 20+ proteins found in plasma; normally inactive |
| What immune functions do Complement proteins enhance when activated? | Inflammation, chemotaxis, opsonization -> phagocytosis, cytolysis |
| What happens when Inflammation occurs? | Mast cells, basophils, platelets secrete histamine which increases permeability of blood capillaries thus incr. emigration; incr. vaso-D of arterioles thus incr. blood flow to the swelling site |
| What happens when Chemotaxis occurs? | Phagocytes move to injury site |
| What happens when Opsonization occurs? | =coating the membrane of the pathogen; increase the stickiness for WBC attachment; thus enhancing phagocytosis |
| What happens when Cytolysis occurs? | Cytotoxic killer Tcells bind to body cells infect. w/ spec. microbe; release complement-like protien Perforin; which perforates membrane of pathogen; ECF then enters causing rupture of pathogen |
| What type of cell are Natural Killer (NK) cells ? | Lymphocytes |
| How do NK cells kill? | Direct contact + cause apoptosis (programmed cell death); release Perforin |
| What is the action of Perforin? | Perforates pathogen's membrane, ECF enters, pathogen ruptures |
| Name the 2 major types of phagocytes? | Neutrophils & Macrophages |
| What are the 5 mechanisms of phagocytosis? | Chemotaxis, adherence, ingestion, digestion, & killing |
| What is inflammation ? | Response to tissue damage caused by invasion or injury |
| What are the 4 cardinal signs of inflammation? | Red(rubor), heat(calor), swelling(tumor), pain(dolor) |
| What is the function of inflammation? | Dispose microbes, toxins, foreign @ injury site; prevent spread to other areas; prepare site for tissue repair |
| What are the 3 stages of inflammation? | Vasodilation, phagocytic emigration, tissue repair |
| What is fever? | Body temp reset by hypothalamus |
| What causes fever? | Infection, inflammation & disease; toxins cause macrophages to release fever-inducing chemicals |
| What are the affects of fever? | Increases the effects of Interferons; inhibits some microbe growth by causing liver/spleen to hoard zinc & iron; speeds up repair |
| Where do B cells & T cells form & mature? | B cells: form & mature in RBM; differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. T cells: form in RBM, mature (become immunocompetent) in Thymus gland |
| What are CD4 & CD8? | Antigen receptors (in relation to T cells) |
Created by:
vgflgirl
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