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medical terminology
medical terminology chapter 2
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abdomen | part of the trunk between the thorax and pelvis |
| abdominal | pertaining to the abdomen |
| anatomy | study of structures of the human body |
| anterior(opposite of posterior) | The front surface of the body; situated in front |
| caudal(opposite of cephalic same as inferior | Pertaining to or nearer to the head |
| coronal(same as frontal) | Pertaining to the vertical p[lane dividing the body into anterior and posterior portions. |
| distal(opposite of proximal) | Situated away from the center of the body. |
| dorsal(same as posterior) | Pertaining to the back or situated behind |
| lateral(opposite of medial) | Situated at the side of a structure |
| medial(opposite of lateral) | Nearer to the middle of the body |
| posterior(opposite of anterior) | Pertaining to the back surface of the body;situated behind |
| prone( opposite of supine) | Laying face down, flat on your belly |
| proximal(opposite of distal) | Situated nearest to the center of the body |
| sagittal | vertical plane through the body dividing it into right and left portions |
| supine(opposite of prone) | laying face up, flat on your spine |
| transverse | Horizontal plane dividing the body into upper and lower portions |
| ventral(same as anterior) | Pertaining to the belly or situated nearer the surface of the belly. |
| Abdominopelvic | Pertaining to the abdomen and pelvis |
| cavity cavities(pl) | A hollow space or body compartment |
| cranial | pertaining to the cranium |
| cranium | the skull |
| diaphragm | Muscular sheet separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities |
| Diaphragmatic(adj) | pertaining to the diaphragm |
| quadrant | one quarter of a circle; one of four regions of the surface of the abdomen |
| spine | The vertebral column or a short bony protection |
| Spinal(adj) | Pertaining to the spine |
| thoracic(adj) | Pertaining to the chest |
| thorax | The part of the trunk between the abdomen and neck |
| umbilical | Pertaining to the umbilicus or the center of the abdomen |
| umbilicus | Pit in the abdomen where the umbilical cord entered the fetus. |
| cranial cavity | contains the brain within the skull |
| thoracic cavity | contains the heart,lungs,thymus,gland, trachea, and esophagus, and numerous blood vessels and nerves |
| abdominal cavity | separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm, contains the stomach,intestines,liver,spleen, pancreas, and kidneys. |
| pelvic cavity | surrounded by the pelvic bones, contains the urinary bladder,part of the large intestine,the rectum,anus, and the internal reproductive organs. |
| spinal cavity | contains the spine |
| The whole body or organism is | composed of organ systems |
| organ systems are composed of | organs |
| organs are composed of | tisues |
| Tissues are composed of | cells |
| cells are composed in part of | organelles |
| organelles are composed of | molecules |
| molecules are composed of | atoms |
| zygote | cell resulting from the union of sperm and egg. |
| Conception | Fertilization of the egg by sperm to form a zygote. |
| Cytology | is the study of cell. |
| cell | The smallest unit of the body capable of independent existence. |
| cytologist | Specialist in the structure,chemistry,and pathology of the cell. |
| fertilization(noun) | union of a male sperm and a female egg |
| Fertilize(Verb) | Penetration of the egg by sperm |
| organ | structure with specific body functions in a body system. |
| organelle | Part of a cell having special functions. |
| organism | Any whole living, individual plant or animal |
| tissue | collection of similar cells. |
| As the zygote divides every cell it creates becomes a complex little factory that carries out these basic life functions | Manufacture of proteins and lipids production and use of energy communication with other cells replication of dna and production of itself. |
| Anabolism | the buildup of complex substances in the cell from simpler ones as a part of metabolism. |
| catabolism | The breakdown of complex substances into simpler ones as part of metabolism |
| chromosome | body in the nucleus that contains DNA and genes |
| cytoplasm | Clear, gelatinous substance that forms the substance of a cell except for the nucleus. |
| Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | source of hereditary characteristics found in chromosomes |
| electrolyte | Substance that, when dissolved in a suitable medium, forms electrically charged particles. |
| hormone | Chemical formed in one tissue or organ and carried by the blood to simulate or inhibit a function another tissue or organ. |
| hormonal | pertaining to a hormone |
| intracellular | within a cell |
| lipid | General term for all types of fatty compounds; for example cholesterol, triglycerides and fatty acids |
| membrane | Thin layer of tissue covering the structure or cavity |
| membranous(adj) | Pertaining to the membrane |
| metabolism | The constantly changing physical and chemical processes occurring in the cell that are the sum of anabolism and catabolism |
| metabolic(adj) | Pertaining to metabolism |
| mitochondrion(sing) Mitochodria(pl) | Organelles that generate,store, and release energy of cell activities. |
| nuleolus | small mass within the nucleus |
| nucleus | Functional center of a cell or structure |
| nuclear(adj) | pertaining to the nucleus |
| protein | CLass of food substances based on amino acids. |
| ribonucleic acid(RNA) | The information carrier from DNA in the nucleus to an organelle to produce protein molecules |
| steroid | Large family of chemical substances found in many drugs,hormones,and body components |
| Arthoscopy | Visual examination of the interior of a joint |
| connective tissue | the supporting tissue of the body |
| cruciate | shaped like a cross |
| histology | study of the structure and functions of cells,tissues,and organs |
| histologist | specialist in histology |
| ligament | Band of fibrous tissue connecting two structures. |
| meniscus | Disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint |
| muscle | a tissue containing of contractile cells |
| patella(sing) Patellae(pl) | Thin,circular bone embedded in the patellar tendon in front of the knee joint also called the kneecap. |
| Patellar | pertaining to the patella |
| therapy | Systematic treatment of a disease,dysfunction,or disorder |
| therapeutic | relating to the treatment of a disease or disorder |
| therapist | Professional trained in the practice of a particular therapy. |
| Capsule | Fibrous tissue layer surrounding a jount or other structure |
| capsular(adj) | Pertaining to capsule |
| cartilage | Nonvascular fir connective tissue found mostly in joints |
| collegen | Major protein of connective tissue,cartilage,and bone. |
| matrix | a substance that surrounds and protects cells, is manufactured by the cells, and holds them together |
| nutrient | a substance in food required for normal physiologic function. |
| periosteum | Fibrous membrane covering a bone. |
| synovial | pertaining to the synovial membrane or fluid |
| tendon | Fibrous band that connects muscle to bone. |
| Cardiovscular | Pertaining to the heart and blood vessels |
| digestion | Breakdown of food into elements suitable for cell metabolism |
| digestive(adj) | pertaining to digestion |
| endocrine | a gland that produces an internal or hormonal substance |
| homeostasis(note hemostasis is the arrest of bleeding.) | Maintaining the stability of a system or the body's internal environment |
| integument | organ system that covers the body, the skin being the main organ within the system |
| integumentary(adj) | Pertaining to the covering of the body |
| lymph | Clear fluid collected from body tissues and transported by lymph vessels to the venous circulation. |
| lymphatic(adj) | pertaining to lymph or the lymphatic system |
| nervous | Pertaining to a nerve or the nervous system; or easily excited or agitated The whole, integrated nerve apparatus. |
| nervous system | The whole, integrated nerve apparatus. |
| respiration | Process of breathing; fundamental process of life used to exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. |
| respiratory(adj) | Pertaining to respiration |
| skeleton | The bony framework of the body |
| Skeletal(adj) | Pertaining to the skeleton |
| urinary(adj) | pertaining to urine |
Created by:
lorie31
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