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MA board review
MA review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| normal temp range | 97.6-99.6 (36.4-36.7) |
| rectal temp fever | 101 (38.3) |
| oral temp fever | 100 |
| peds rectal temp fever | 100.4 (38) |
| normal BP range | 120/80 or lower |
| preHTN | 120-139 / 80-89 |
| HTN stage 1 | 140-159 / 90-99 |
| HTN stage 2 | 160+ / 100+ |
| hypertensive crisis | 180+ / 110 |
| hypotension stage | 90 / 60 |
| normal HR | 60-100 bpm |
| tachycardia | 100+ |
| bradycardia | -60 |
| normal respirations | 12-20 rpm |
| vital signs include | BP, temp, pulse, respirations, HR |
| systole | heart contracts |
| diastole | heart relaxes |
| most accurate temp | rectal |
| anthropometric measurements | height and weight |
| pediatric anthropometric measurements | head circumference and length until child can stand |
| to convert farenheit to celsius | multiply by 9/5 |
| to convert celsius to farenheit | subtract 32 and multiply by 5/9 |
| 3 types of drug administration | oral, topical, parenteral |
| oral drugs may be found in what forms? | liquid, tablet, capsule |
| topical drugs may be found in what forms? | lotions, linaments, ointments, transdermal patch |
| parenteral drugs may be given in what forms? | IM, intradermal, subQ, IV |
| pulmonary function test determines | patients lung volume |
| what tool is used for a vision test | Snellen eye chart |
| collection of body fluids include what fluids? | urine, sputum, saliva, feces, semen, or blood |
| eye irrigation performed in a sterile or non sterile environment? | sterile |
| the temps for sterilization | 250-320 |
| which position should the patient be in for a rectal temperature? | Sim's |
| which artery is routinely used to perform a manual blood pressure | brachial artery |
| what angle should be on the needle for a subQ injection? | 45 degree angle |
| what substance is removed during ear irrigation? | cerumen (ear wax) |
| where should you aim the solution when performing eye irrigation? | inner canthus |
| how to convert feet to centimeters | 2.2cm = 1" 1'12" |
| device to perform pulmonary function test | spirometer |
| a substance that dilates the bronchi in the lungs decreasing resistance in the respiratory airways | bronchodilators |
| a disinfectant and sterilization product of alkaline gluteraldehyde | Cidex |
| the period of time when the heart fills with blood after contraction | diastole/diastolic |
| a test that records the electrical activity of the heart | EKG/ECG electrocardiography |
| a device that measures a patient's cardiac activity over a period of time | Holter monitor |
| a severe increase in blood pressure which could result in a strike | hypertensive crisis |
| an injection within or between the layers of the skin | intradermal injection |
| an injection of a substance directly into the muscle | intramuscular injection |
| a device that administers medication in a mist form | nebulizer |
| OSHA | occupational safety and health admin |
| any medication that is administered in a route other than ingestion | parenteral medication |
| a state of having high normal blood pressure with the potential for developing high blood pressure | prehypertension |
| the position in which the patient lies on the left side with the right knee sharply bent and resting on the exam table | Sim's position |
| a device for performing blood pressure including cuff | sphygMOmaNOMeter |
| an injection of solution below the skin, into the subcutaneous tissue | subQ injection |
| position in which the patient lies on their back | supine |
| a stitch used to hold tissue together | suture |
| a thin membrane that separates the external ear from the middle hear; the ear drum | tympanic membrane |
| drawing of blood from a vein | venipuncture |
| measurements observed, measured, and monitored to check the patient's level of physical function | vital signs |
| prefix: olig- | scanty |
| prefix: pari- | all |
| prefix: poly | many |
| prefix: quadra- / tetra- | four |
| prefix: semi- | part |
| prefix: meta- | change |
| prefix: supra- | excessive, outside |
| prefix: ab- | away from |
| prefix: ad- | toward |
| prefix: de- | not, down |
| prefix: epi- | upon, above |
| prefix: para | along, beside |
| prefix: dia- | across, through |
| prefix: retro- | backward, behind |
| prefix: a-, an- | without |
| prefix: ambi- | both |
| prefix: hemi- | half |
| prefix: corp- | body |
| prefix: cost- | ribs |
| prefix: gastr- | stomach |
| prefix: menat-, hem- | blood |
| prefix: myo- | muscles |
| prefix: oste- | bone |
| prefix: nephr- | kidney |
| prefix: neur- | nerve |
| prefix: ren- | kidney |
| prefix: ur- | urine |
| prefix: vascul- | blood vessels |
| suffix: -ac, -ar, ic, -oid, -ous, -tic | related to, pertaining to |
| suffix: -emia | of the blood |
| suffix: -ia, -ism, osis, -y | condition or process |
| suffix: -itis | inflammation |
| suffix: -lysis | death of, breakdown |
| suffix: -pathy | disease |
| suffix: -plegia | paralysis |
| suffix: -oma | tumor |
| suffix: -rrhythmia | rhythm |
| suffix: -systole | contraction of the heart |
| suffix: -gram, -graph, -graphy | record of, image of |
| suffix: -meter | measure |
| suffix: -metry | process of measuring |
| suffix: -scope | instrument for viewing |
| suffix: -scopy | process of viewing with a instrument, scope |
| suffix: -ectomy | removal of |
| suffix: -latric | treatment |
| suffix: -pnea | breathing |
| suffix: -plasty | repair |
| suffix: -rrhaphy | suturing |
| suffix: -stomy, -ostimy | surgical creation of an opening |
| suffix: -tripsy | crushing |
| suffix: -tomy | incision |
| HIPAA | the health insurance PORTABILITY and ACCOUNTABILITY act |
| when is it appropriate for a physician to discuss a patient's information via e-mail? | when the physician is consulting with another physician |
| HIPAA permits faxes when forwarding care instructions to | a nursing home |
| a person delegated to provide care for a partially dependent patient is called a | caregiver |
| what does SOAP stand for? | subjective, objective, assessment, plan |
| what does POMR stand for? | problem oriented medical records |
| what are the 4 sections of the POMR? | database, problem, treatment, progress |
| paper-based records are prepared for filing and storage by performing what 5 steps? | conditioning, releasing, indexing/coding, filing |
| scheduling system most often used in medical facilities that offer urgent care, where time is governed more by the needs of the patients than adherence to a schedule | open office scheduling |
| scheduling system where patients have the ability to schedule their own appointment 24 hours a day via their computers | self-scheduling |
| scheduling system where all patients to be seen in an hour scheduled to arrive at the beginning of the hour and are then seen in the order of arrival | wave scheduling |
| scheduling system where the patients with similar problems or procedures book consecutively | cluster scheduling |
| scheduling system in which appointments are scheduled months in advance, such as routine physicals, or follow-up appointments | advance booking |
| a patient's blood pressure: subjective or objective? | objective |
| patient states they have a headache: subjective or objective? | subjective |
| all test results in the chart should be organized with the most recent test result on top or bottom? | top |
| who must discuss the informed consent form with a patient prior to the patient signing it? | the physician |
| a patient of 12 years of age or older can refuse treatment if she is pregnant and the care she is seeking is in regards to | the pregnancy |
| a domestic abuse patient must be how old in order to refuse treatment | 12 years old or older |
| the use of numbers and letters to describe illnesses, diseases, and medical procedures | coding |
| the term used to sescribe the removal of metal items from paperwork to prepare them for placing medical records | conditioning |
| office supplies that are expensive and not often replaced | durable supplies |
| PPE | personal protective equipment |
| when there is an electrical fire, which class of fire extinguisher should be used? | class C electrical |
| when there is an flammable liquid fire, which class of fire extinguisher should be used? | class B flammable |
| when there is an office paper fire, which class of fire extinguisher should be used? | class A paper, other combustibles |
| when there is a combustible metal fire, which class of fire extinguisher should be used? | class D industry |
| if blood were to splash into your eye, what is the first step to be performed? | flush out the eye |
| what information must be present on the paperwork included in a rape kit? | initials of the police officer, medical assistant, and both physicians signatures and the time |
| when a venipuncture is to be performed on a patient suspected of drunk driving, which agent is used to clean the skin? | benzalkonium chloride |
| what chemical should be used to clean a counter that has been exposed to bodily fluids? | bleach solution |
| a substance or object that may contain micro-organisms that can spread disease | biohazard |
| CDC | center for disease control |
| CLSO | clinical laboratory standards institute |
| the organization that sets guidelines to ensure medical professional safety | OSHA |
| items used to help prevent contamination from materials | PPE, personal protective equipment |
| guidelines to instruct health care providers to minimize the risk of disease transmission when giving care | standard precautions |
| the inability to breakdown galactose, a milk sugar | galactosemia |
| mucous secretions that accumulate in the lungs and other organs | cystic fibrosis |
| decreased thyroid function | hypothyroidism |
| increased thyroid function | hyperthyroidism |
| name the CLIA waived procedures | glucose, fecal occult blood, spun microhematocrit, urine chemical screening, visual color comparison for pregnancy, cholesterol, drug testing |
| what is the appropriate angle to hold the needle when performing venipuncture? | 15-30 degrees |
| what is a blood culture primarily used to check for? | bacteria or other micro-organisms |
| for which test should a first-voided morning urine specimen be used? | pregnancy test |
| how is a sample of urine obtained for a culture and sensitivity testing? | clean catch urine sample |
| tubes needed for culture and sensitivity tests may be kept at room temperature for how many hours? | up to 72 hours |
| MA's a well trained MA can expedite the patient's diagnosis and treatments by limiting the number of places they must go for | tests and specimen drop off |
| what is always the first step before beginning ANY procedure with your patient whether EKG, pheleb, or anything else | properly identify your patient |
| blood collection tubes have the capacity to hold how much blood? | 6-10 mL of blood |
| what does the color of the rubber stopper on a blood collection tube represent? | which additive is inside of the tube, or if there is no additive at all |
| what does the additive inside of a blood collection tube determine? | what blood test should be performed on the blood in that tube |
| what does the PT test determine? | the ability of the blood to clot |
| what color tube top do we use for the PT (prothrombin time) test? | blue top |
| what is inside of the blue top tube used for blood specimen collection? | sodium citrate |
| what is the function of sodium citrate in a blue top tube used for blood collection? | it prevents the blood from clotting |
| what test is the lavender top blood collection tube used for? | CBC (complete blood count) |
| what test is the red top blood collection tube used for? | serum glucose, electrolytes, BUN (blood urea nitrogen) |
| what test is the blue top blood collection tube used for? | PT (prothrombin time) |
| in regards to the amount of vacuum inside of a blood specimen collection tube, the vacuum inside of an adult tube vs the vacuum inside of a pediatric tube is what? | adult vacuum is stronger than that of a pediatric blood specimen collection tube |
| the reason that you should not use an adult blood specimen collection tube on a pediatric patient is | because the pressure is too high and may collapse the veins of a pediatric patient |
| pediatric blood specimen collection tubes are identical to adult tubes in regards to the color of the rubber top, however they are different how? | they are about half as big as an adult blood specimen collection tube |
| what consists of a sterile needle, a short length of flexible tubing, and another sterile needle at the other end of the plastic tubing that is covered with a rubber sheath and is flanked bu 2 rubber wings that allow for better grip | a butterfly needle |
| in regards to a butterfly needle, describe the functions of both needles | one to puncture the patient, one to puncture the blood specimen collection tube |
| which piece of phlebotomy equipment is required for a finger or heel stick to acquire a blood specimen | a lancet |
| when should you use protective eye wear or a face shield when performing a phlebotomy procedure? | when there is risk of blood splatter |
| the patient should always be seated or lying down for a venipuncture and never in what position? | standing |
| at which angle should a needle be inserted intended for venipuncture? | 15-30 degrees |
| when should you release the tourniquet when performing venipuncture? | after the vein has been entered and you have attached the first blood specimen collection tube |
| what is the time limit on the application of a tourniquet when performing venipuncture for blood specimen collection tube | no more than 1 minute |
| in regards to venipuncture, what are the 3 complication that may arise if a tourniquet is left on the patient longer than 1 minute | Hemolysis, petechia, hemoconcentration |
| what is the medical term for "destruction" or "breaking" of blood cells | hemolysis |
| what is the term used for tiny hemorrhages that appear on the skin as small red or purple spots. | petechiae |
| what do we call a decrease in the volume of plasma in relation to the number of red blood cells caused when the tourniquet is left on the patient longer than 1 minute while performing venipuncture | hemoconcentration |
| about how long does it take to fill a blood specimen tube? | 5 seconds |
| in regards to venipuncture, "inversion" refers to | the process of turning the blood specimen collection tube one complete turn of the wrist |
| in regards to venipuncture, how many inversions are required for a blue top blood specimen collection tube? | 3-4 |
| in regards to venipuncture, how many inversions are required for a lavender top blood specimen collection tube? | 8-10 |
| in regards to venipuncture, how many inversions are required for a red top blood specimen collection tube? | 5 |
| in regards to venipuncture, when should you remove the needle from the patient? | after you have filled the last tube |
| complications from phlebotomy can include | pain, infection, bruising, and tissue trauma |
| one should never perform phlebotomy in an extremity that has a dialysis shunt or an IV line or in the extremity that is on the same side on which a mastectomy was performed UNLESS | the physician specifically orders that it is acceptable to do so. |
| the term "performance failure" in regards to venipuncture describes | using an incorrect order of draw, using an incorrect tube for a test ordered, incorrect physical handling of the specimen, using expired collection tubes, failure to make sure that the patient has been properly prepared (NPO if instructed etc) |
| where should the identification labels be placed when performing venipuncture for blood specimen collection? | directly on the tubes |
| emergencies that are directly related to phlebotomy are rare but can include | fainting or excessive bleeding |
| what does the term "syncope" mean | fainting |
| if your patient begins to feel faint while you are performing venipuncture for a blood specimen collection, what should you do? | remove the needle and ask he patient to lean forward as to put their head between their legs to increase blood flow to the brain |
| while preparing your patient for a venipuncture, the patient tells you that they have had a previous syncopal episode during a blood draw. what should you do? | lie the patient down for their phlebotomy procedure |
| excessive bleeding is a rare complication of venipuncture. if the patient does begin to bleed excessively, what should you do? | apply firm pressure for a longer period of time on these types of patients |
| when performing phlebotomy for blood specimen collection, what is the "order of draw"? | blood cultures or sterile specimens, blue, red, green, lavender, gray |
| when performing venipuncture, filling the blood collection tubes in the correct sequence is called | the order of draw |
| when performing venipuncture, why is the "order of draw" important? | because it prevents preservatives or additives that are contained in one tube from being introduced into another tube which would affect the test results. |
| when performing phlebotomy for blood specimen collection, where in the "order of draw"should additional tubes outside of the original six be drawn? | after the lavender tube |
| when performing a finger or heel stick using the micro or pediatric tubes, you should follow the rules of your workplace, however the most common order of draw is | EDTA additive tube, other additive tubes, then serum tubes |
| when performing venipuncture for blood specimen collection, it is important to choose the proper collection tube to match the blood test you are performing | the blood test you are performing |
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