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MS: Medical Terms
Medical Terms of the Musculoskeletal System
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| osseous | Bony; composed of bone; pertaining to bone |
| osteoblast | A cell associated with the production of bone |
| osteoclast | A large cell associated with the absorption and removal of bone |
| osteocyte | A mature osteoblast |
| collagen | A fibrous insoluble protein found in the white fibers of connective tissue including bone, ligaments and tendons |
| periosteum | The specialized conncetive tissue covering all the bones of the body |
| endosteum | The connective tissue membrane lining the medullary cavity of bones |
| medullary | Pertaining to bone marrow or the inner portion of an organ |
| diaphysis | The portion of a long bone between its ends; the shaft of a bone |
| epiphysis | The end of a long bone that is usually wider than the shaft. Contains a center for growth in lenght |
| ossification | The formation of bone; the normal process of hardening of bone by calcification |
| calcification | Deposit of calcium salts within bony tissues |
| axis | A straight imaginary line passing through the center about which body or part may rotate |
| axial | Pertaining to or forming an axis |
| appendicular | Pertaining to an appendage such as a limb or extremity |
| skeleton | The bony framework of the body consisting of 206 bones |
| skeletal | Pertaining to the skeleton |
| cranium | The skull; that portion of the skull which encloses the brain |
| frontal | Pertaining to the forehead or forehead bone |
| parietal | Pertaining to the two bones that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium |
| temporal | Pertaining to the temple or central sides of the cranium; of the two bones of the cranium located abov and around each ear |
| occipital | Pertaining to the back and most of the lower base of the skull |
| sphenoid | Wedge-shaped; pertaining to the bat-shaped bone that extends behind the eyes, forming the anterior base of the cranium and part of each orbit |
| ethmoid | Sieve-like, pertaining to the delicate bone that forms much of the internal nasal structure and part of each orbit |
| suture | One of the jagged seams that unite the adjoining bones of the skull |
| fontanel | A space located at the junction of the sutures in the skull of the infant. The fontanels are often called "soft spots" |
| sinus | One of the eight air-filled cavities in the skull that communicate with the nasal cavity |
| orbital | Pertaining to the orbit or eye socket |
| zygoma | The cheekbone. The two zygomae form the bony arch that extends along the front and side of the skull below the orbits |
| maxilla | One of the pair of bones forming the upper jaw |
| maxillary | Pertaining to the upper jaw bone |
| mandible | The lower jaw bone; horseshoe-shaped |
| mandibular | Pertaining to the lower jaw bone |
| nasal | Pertaining to the nose or one of the two bones that form the bridge of the nose |
| vertebra | A backbone; any one of the bones of the spinal column |
| intervertebral | Situated between two adjacent vertebrae |
| cervical | Pertaining to the neck; the seven cervical vertebrae are designated C1-C7 |
| thoracic | Pertaining to the chest; the 12 thoracic vertebrae are designated T1-T12 |
| lumbar | Pertaining to the loin or small of the back. The five lumbar vertebrae are designated L1-L5 |
| sacrum | The large triangular bone near the lower end of the spinal column to which the hip bones are attached. Composed of the five fused vertebrae |
| coccyx | The tail bone or small bone at the end if the spinal column. Formed by the fusion of several rudimentary vertebrae |
| coccygeal | Pertaining to the coccyx or tail bone |
| costa | A rib |
| intercostal | Between the ribs; situated between the ribs |
| sternum | The breastbone; a long flat bone shaped somewhat liked a dagger and joined to the cartilages of most of the ribs anteriorly |
| manubrium | The upper portion of the sternum |
| xiphoid process | The lower end of the sternum |
| pelvis | The large basin or cup-shaped ring of bone at the base of the spinal column |
| pelvic | Pertaining to the pelvis or pelvic bone |
| ilium | The supermost (uppermost) bones of each pelvic bone |
| ischium | The inferoposterior bone of each of the pelvic or hip bones |
| pubis | The inferoanterior bone of each of the hip bones |
| symphysis | The cartilaginous joint formed by the union og the 2 pubic bones at the midline |
| clavicle | The collar bone or clavicula; a curved bone that joins with the sternum medially and the acromion process of the scapula |
| clavicular | Pertaining to the collar bone |
| scapula | The shoulder blade; a large flat triangular bone |
| glenoid | Socket-like; resembling a socket |
| acromion | The lateral extension of the projecting spine of the scapula |
| humerus | The upper arm bone. The head of the proximal end fits into the glenoid cavity |
| radius | The shorter and thicker of the two forearm bones located on the side of the thumb |
| ulna | The forearm bone on the side of the little finger that extends from the wrist to the elbow |
| carpus | The eight bones of the wrist; the wrist |
| metacarpus | The five bones of the hand between the wrist and fingers |
| phalanx | Any bone of a finger or toe, each finger or toe having three such bones and the thumb and great toe having two |
| phalanges | (pl.) (fuh-LAN-jees) |
| acetabulum | The hip socket; the cup-shaped cavity on the outer aspect of the hip bone |
| os innominatum | The innominate bone(nameless bone). It forms the lateral half of the pelvis |
| os coxae | The hip bone or pelvic bone |
| femur | The thigh bone; the longest, strongest bone in the human body |
| patella | The knee-cap; a small flat triangular bone located in front of the knee joint within the inserting tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle |
| tibia | The shin bone; the medial, larger bone of the lower leg |
| fibula | The smaller lateral bone of the lower leg. One of the longest and thinnest bones of the body |
| tarsus | The ankle; the 7 bones of the ankle including the heel bone |
| calcaneus | The heel bone; the irregular bone at the back if the tarsus |
| metatarsus | The part of the foot between the tarsus and the toes |
| phalangeal | Pertaining to a phalanx or the phalanges |
| condyle | A rounded knobby projection at the end of a boen that fits into a joint |
| malleolus | The rounded bony prominence or projection on either side of the ankle joint |
| fossa | A furrow or depression in a bone or other structure |
| olecranon | The large process of the ulna forming the bony prominence of the elbow |
| foramen | A natural opening, especially in a bone, that may pass into or through the bone |
| foramina | (pl.) (for-AM-in-a) |
| meatus | A tube-shaped passage |
| mastoid | Formed like a breast or nipple; pertaining to the mastoid process of the temporal bone |
| process | A noticeable projection of bone |
| articulation | A joint; the junction of two or more bones |
| ligament | A band of strong fibrous connective tissue serving to hold the articular ends of bones together or to hold organs in place |
| tendon | A strong cord of fibrous connective tissue serving to attach muscles to bones |
| bursa | A small closed sac containing synovial fluid, usually found within joint areas subject to friction |
| meniscus | A crescent-shaped fibrocartilage in the knee joint |
| retinaculum | Tight transverse fibrous bands or ligaments that serve to bind down the tendons close to the bones as they pass over a joint |
Created by:
lorriej
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