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Anatomy- Muscles
Anatomy and Physiology- Chapter 6
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Muscle Fibers | Muscle cells |
| Striated Muscle | It has obvious stripes |
| Voluntary Muscle | It is subject to conscious control |
| Endomysium | A delicate connective tissue sheath that encloses a muscle fiber |
| Perimysium | A coarser fibrous membrane around the Endomysium |
| Fascicle | A bundle of Perimysium |
| Epimysium | Binds several Fascicle with a tough connective tissue |
| Tendons | strong, cord-like epimysium |
| Aponeuroses | Sheetlike which attach muscle to bone and catilages |
| Smooth Muscle | No Striations and is involuntary |
| Cardiac Muscle | Only found in the heart, striated and involuntary |
| Sarcolemma | Oval Nuclei |
| Myofibrils | Long, ribbon-like organelles |
| Sarcomeres | Chains of tiny contractile units |
| Myofilaments | Thread-like protein |
| Thick Filaments | Made mostly of bundled molecules of Myosin |
| Thin Filaments | Composed of actin |
| Cross Bridges | Where the thin and thick meet |
| Actin | Contractile protein |
| Sarcoplasmic Reticulum | A specialized smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
| Motor Unit | One neuron and all the skeletal muscle cells it stimulates |
| Axon | A thread-like extension of a neuron |
| Axon Terminals | Distal terminations of the branches of an axon. |
| Neuromusclular Junctions | The neuromuscular junction connects the nervous system to the muscular system via synapses between efferent nerve fibers and muscle fibers |
| Synaptic Cleft | The gap between the nerve endings and the muscle cells' membranes |
| Neurotransmitter | A chemical released by nerve cells |
| Acetylcholine | A neurotransmitter that stimulates skeletal muscle |
| Action Potential | An electrical current resultant in the firing of a neuron |
| Graded Responses | Different degrees of response |
| Complete Tetanus | When there is no evidence of relaxaion |
| Incomplete Tetanus | When there is evidence of relaxation |
| Creatine Phosphate | A high-energy molecule |
| Aerobic Respiration | Involves a series of metabolic pathways |
| Lactic Acid | A colorless syrupy organic acid formed in sour milk and produced in the muscle tissues during strenuous exercise |
| Anaerobic Glycolysis | The transformation of glucose to pyruvate when limited amounts of oxygen are available |
| Muscle Fatigue | When a muscle is unable to contract |
| Oxygen Deficit | temporary oxygen shortage in cells resulting from strenuous exercise |
| Isotonic Contractions | Tension remains unchanged and the muscle's length changes. |
| Isometric Contractions | When the muscles do not shorten |
| Muscle Tone | A state of continuous partial contractions |
| Prime Mover | The muscle that has the major responsibility for causing a particular movement |
| Synergists | Help prime movers by producing the same movement |
| Fixators | Specialized synergists |
Created by:
jdbishop17
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