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BBC Pharm
Ch. 8 Cephalosphorins
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| describe the difference between cephalosporins and penicillins in terms of how they work | cephs have similar cell wall inhibition activity as penicillins, but are inherently more resistant to baeta lactamases than penicillins because of a slight difference in structure. |
| what bugs are particularly sensitive to first generation cephalosporins? | "Peck": proteus, E.Coli, Klebsiella, PLUS gram positives |
| what bugs are particularly sensitive to the second generation cephalosporins? | "HenPeck": Haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter Aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus, E.Coli, Klebsiella |
| what bugs are particularly sensitive to third generation cephalosporins? | "HenPeckPlus": haemophilus influenzae, Enterobacter Aerogenes, Neisseria, Proteus, E.Coli, Klebsiella, PLUS Enterics (intestinal bacteria) |
| what bugs are particularly sensitive to fourth generation cephalosporins? | pseudomonas |
| what bugs are particulary sensitive to fifth generation cephalosporins? | MRSA Plus complicated mixed gram positive and gram negative infections |
| as you go from the first to the fifth generation of cephalosporins, what happens to the ability to fight gram negative organisms? | it increases |
| name a first generation cephalosporin and what it is used for | Cefozalin- one of the two drugs of choice for skin infections, including cellulitis. It has excellent penetration into bone. |
| list the second generation cephalosporins | CefaMANdole, CeFOXitin, CeFURoximine, CefoTETan (many are all about gender related issues) |
| what is the significance of Fefamandole? | it is a second generation cephalosporin no longer used in the US today, but it is used in many places around the world. it causes a disulfuram-like reaction when ingested with alcohol |
| briefly describe the metabolism of alcohol | ethanol goes to acetaldehyde via alcohol dehydrogenase, acetaldehyde goes to acetate via acetaldehyde dehydrogenase |
| why are asians particularly susceptible to non-drug induced disulfuram-like reactions? | because they lack one of the isoenzymes of acetaldehyde dehydrogenase |
| list some drugs which cuase disulfiram like reactions when ingested with alcohol | metronidazole, chloramphenicol, isoniazid, nitrofurantoin, sulfamethaxazole, sulfisoxazole,cefoperazone, cefotetan, cefamandole, griseofulvin, disulfuram, nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate, tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide, glipizide, tolazamide, |
| what is unique about cefuroxime? | it crosses the blood brain barrier |
| what is unique about cefoxitin | it's especially active against anerobes, so it is often used in treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease, and intra-abdominal infections |
| list the third generation cephalosporins and why they are important | cefTAzidime, cefoTAxime, cefTRIAxone, often used for tough organisms or infections, so they have TOUHG ASSASSINS |
| what is special about ceftriaxone? | commonly used in infected patients who also have renal problems; this is because ceftriaxone, unlike other cephalosporins, is not renally excreted. instead, it is excreted with the bile. |
| what third generation cephalosporin is active against pseudomonas aeruginosa? | ceftazidime |
| what is special about the fourth generation cephalosporins and what are they/ | they are specifically effective agianst pseudomonas aeruginosa. they include cefepime and cefpirome |
| what is the fifth generation cephalosporin? | ceftaroline |
Created by:
aferdo01
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