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Early Morphogenesis
WVSOM Class of 2012 Early Morphogenesis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| what is neurulation? | formation of the neural tube |
| what does the neural tube form? | CNS |
| the notochord causes the overlying ectoderm to differentiate into what structure? | the neural plate |
| the neural plate forms from what tissue? | neuroectoderm |
| the neural folds depress to form what? | neural groove |
| the neural groove inverts and fuses to form? | neural tube |
| the openings persisting before the final closure are called what? | cranial and caudal neuropores |
| once closure is complete, what phase is completed? | neurulation |
| the posterior of the neural tube forms what? | spinal cord |
| the broad anterior portion of neural tube forms what? | brain vesicles |
| lateral borders of the neural folds are called what? | neural crests |
| after closure, the neural crest cells dissociate into what? what tissue are these cells derived from? | mesenchymal cells; ectodermal |
| what are loosely woven, embryonic stem cells derived from the germ layer? | mesenchyme |
| 3 layers that the mesoderm differentiate into are? | the paraxial, intermediate, and lateral mesoderm |
| which portion of the mesoderm differentiates into the urogenital system? | intermediate |
| what develops in lateral mesoderm by coalescence of spaces? | coelom |
| somatic mesoderm and ectoderm are called what? | somatopleure |
| splanchnic mesoderm and endoderm are called what? | splanchnopleure |
| the early embryonic coelom is open to what? | chorionic cavity |
| the paraxial mesoderm segments into what? | somitomeres |
| in anterior region, the somitomere forms near the neuromere and forms what? | head mesenchyme |
| somitomeres in what regions become somites? | medial and posterior |
| the somites differentiate into what 3 layers? | sclerotomes, dermotomes, myotomes |
| what forms the bone and cartilage of vertebrae? | sclerotomes |
| gut formation is what kind of process? | passive |
| what structure connects the gut to the body and is the stalk of the yolk sac? | viteline duct |
| the anterior end of the foregut that is anchored by the precordial plate is called what? | the buccopharyngeal membrane |
| posterior of hindgut is anchored by what? | the cloacal membrane |
| mesenchymal cells that form blood differentiate into what? | angioblasts |
| cytotrophoblast cells that become organized into columns, extending into the syncytiotrophoblast (forming a major portion of the placenta) are called what? | chorionic villi |
| cytotrophoblast cells surrounded by the synctiotrophoblast, these are the progenitors of all chorionic villi: | primary villi |
| these structures are formed when extraembryonic mesoderm penetrates, producing mesodermal cores: | secondary villi |
| villi that extend through the syntiotrophoblast are called what? | stem villi |
| the maternal component of the placenta in endometrium is what? | decidua |
| what is the name for hemolytic disease of the newborn? | erythroblastosis fetalis |
| what is the most common Rh-antigen producing isoimmunization? | D |
| what tissue generates the central and peripheral nervous systems, sensory epithelia of ears, nose and eyes, epidermis including hair and nails, subcutaneous and mammary glands, pituitary gland and teeth enamel? | ectoderm |
| the lateral edges of the neural plate elevate to form what structures? | neural folds |
| the cranial and caudal neuropores are open to what cavity? | amniotic |
| what cells are stem cells for numerous structures (ganglia and cranial nerves, schwann cells, melanocytes, adrenal medulla, craniofacial bones, connective tissues and conotruncal heart cushions)? | neural crest cells |
| what tissue produces muscle, connective tissue, cartilage and bone, blood and blood vessels, kidneys, spleen, gonads and suprarenal cortex? | mesoderm |
| the somatopleure will develop into what structures? | the lateral and ventral walls of the body cavity |
| In the cervical and thoracic regions the intermediate mesoderm produces segmental clusters known as what? | nephrotomes |
| the somites' ventral and medial walls lose cohesion, producing mesenchymal cells that surround the notochord. These cell clusters are known as what? | sclerotomes |
| after the ventral and medial walls of the somite lose cohesion, the remaining dorsal walls are called what? | dermomyotomes |
| what "tomes" differentiate into the muscles attached to each vertebra? | myotomes |
| what "tomes" produce the underlying dermis of the skin? | dermatomes |
| what tissue produces the digestive tract, as well as epithelia and stromata for numerous other organ structures? | endoderm |
| the embryonic circulatory system runs through which structures? | embryonic mesoderm, including the heart tube, splanchnic extraembryonic mesoderm, somatic extraembryonic mesoderm and connecting stalk |
| when embryonic blood vessels develop in the cores, what villi are created? | tertiary villi |
| Cytotrophoblast cells spread out between the syncytiotrophoblast and endometrium to form an epithelium known as what? | outer cytotrophoblast shell |
| The lacunar network of the decidua expands and coalesces into what spaces between the villi? | intervillous spaces |
Created by:
mhassan
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