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Dialysis M3
Exam 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The Urinary system consists of? | Kidneys, Ureters, Urinary bladder and Urethra |
| How long is the Kidney? | 4 inches |
| Kidneys are shaped like a? | Bean |
| Kidney weight | 150 grams |
| Kidneys are about the size of? | A fist |
| What sits onto of the kidneys? | Adrenal gland |
| Blood going to the kidney? | Renal artery |
| Blood going away from the kidneys? | Renal vein |
| waste, urine leaves the kidneys by way of the? | Ureter |
| 2 main parts to the kidney? | Medulla and Cortex |
| The Kidneys are located? | Left and right of the lumbar spine in the retroperitoneal space, posterior abd wall. |
| Kidney slightly lower then left due to size of the liver? | Right Kidney |
| What are the three layers of protection of the kidney's? | Renal capsule, Adipose capsule (peri-renal fat) and Renal fascia |
| the kidneys move downward during? | inspiration as the diaphragm contracts |
| Urine moves through the system by? | Peristalsis |
| The kidneys are innervated by the? | Sympathetic nervous system |
| Renal Cortex, outer region consists of? | Nephrons, Glomerulus, Bowmans capsule, Proximal and Distal tubules and Collecting tubules |
| Renal Medulla, inner region consists of? | Renal pyramids, Renal columns, Renal papilla, Renal pelvis, Major calyx |
| How many Nephrons are in the kidney? | Over a million |
| The functional unit of the kidney is the? | Nephron |
| The nephron is divided into three segments? | Renal corpuscle, Renal tubule and Juxtaglomerular apparatus |
| What are the two types of nephrons? | Cortical 80-85% and Juxtamedullary 15-20% |
| T/F Kidneys are highly vascular organs? | True |
| Every minute approx _______ ml of blood flows through them? | 1200 |
| The kidneys filture the blood how many time an hour? | 12 |
| Total plasma volume is filtered ____ times per day | 60 |
| Formula for GFR | 140-Age X Kg wt___ devided by 72 X Serum Creatinine |
| __% of the filtrate is reabsorbed | 99 |
| Reabsorption also occurs by active ______ transport. | active and passive |
| ADH is released from ______and causes reabsorption of water in distal tubules and collecting ducts. | posterior pituitary |
| ____% of filtered Na reabsorbed, 65% in proximal tubule. | 98 |
| Potassium is actively reabsorbed in the ______ tubule, secreted in distal tubule. | proximal |
| 1845 - Thomas Graham – Scottish chemist wrote paper “On Osmotic Force”. | Graham’s Law: The rate of diffusion of a substance is inversely proportional to the square root of the masses of the molecules or the molecular weights. |
| 1855 – German physiologist, Fick, used collodion as 1st membrane. | Fick’s Law: The rate of diffusion of a solute is directly proportional to the concentration difference from one area to another. |
| 1877 – Wegener, German physician | injected fluid into peritoneal cavity of animals. |
| 1889 - Richardson | reference to use collodion membranes in dialysis of blood |
| 1967 | 1st clinical trial of hollow fiber dialyzer |
| 1994 | current entitlement benefits for people under 65 with ESRD |
| 1983 | cost containment and quality control |
| 1981 | omnibus budget reconciliation act of |
| 1972 | social security amendment (public law 92-603) |
| 1964 | home dialysis began |
| 1960 | quinton-schribner shunt |
| BUN | 8-20 breakdown of protien |
| uremia | uric acid waste products, constituents |
| azotemia | nitrogenous waste |
| creatinine | muscle breakdown |
| serum creatinine | .7-1.5mg/dl |
| acute | comes on fast and can go away |
| chronic | comes on slow and will stay |
| ARF labs | elevated BUN alagoria, altered PH |
| prerenal | hypoperfusion |
| intrarenal | injury to the kidneys |
| postrenal | blockage |
| CRF | elevated BUN, polycystic kidney disease, chronic hypotention |
| reduced renal reserve | 40-75 kidney function |
| ESRD | les than 15 % kidney function |
| renal insufinionsy | 20-40% kidney |
| RRT | Renal replacement therapy |
| KOlFF | first artificial kidney |
| Cimino-Brescia invented the first | fisgula |
| public law 92-603 | SSN act |
| necheles' invented what? | gas heater that controlled dialysis bath |
| klambers built | first dialysis machine |
| first army doctrine | 1988 |
| strep should be checked in childerns | HX |
| nephro toxic | diet, led, mercury, moonshine, acetominophine |
| dry weigh | normotensive |
| diffusion deals with | movement of solutes |
| osmosis | movement of water |
| dialysis is | quick and efficent |
| disease passed from one person to another | communicable |
| HBsAB | antiboties |
| HBsAG | you have hepitites B |
| HCsAG | you have hepitites C |
| JC cell carry | renin |
| renin from the kidney turnes into | angotensin I they II in the lungs |
| renal systen regulates BP | aldosterone system, renin |
| aldosterone tells the kidneys to hold on to salt | increasing the blood pressure |
| glomerular filtrate goes to the bowmans capsule | 125 ml/min |
| ARF 4 stages | 1 2 3 4 |
| ARF is cause by | Hypoperfusion, Hypovolemia, hypotention |
| 3 stages of ARF | oliguria, diuretic phase, recovery phase |
| CRF stage 1 | 60-89% GRF |
| CRF stage 2 | 30-60% GRF |
| CRF stage 3 | 15-30% GRF |
| CRF stage 4 | 0-15% GRF = ESRD |
| causes of CRF | excessive hyperglycemia and hypertention |
| GFR should be between | 85-105 ml/min |
| ARF GFR | less than 60 ml/min |
| filtered by the kidneys | Hydrogen ions, urea, creatinine= HUC |
| the kidneys secrete | erithropoiten |
| at age 65 you loose 3 % every | year |
| at age 85 you only retain about | 50% of kidney function |
Created by:
SGT WEAVER
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