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BUMEDINST 6600.10
Dental Infection Control Program
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are equipment or methods which isolate or remove bloodborne pathogens from the workplace? | Engineering controls |
| What is the number of micro-organisms contaminating an object and is sometimes also known as bioload or microbial load? | Bioburden |
| What is the popagation and growth of micro-organisms or living tissue cells in or on a nutrient or medium? | Culture |
| The presence or reasonable expected presence of blood or other potentially infectious material on an item or surface is said to be what? | Contaminated |
| What is the destruction or inhibition of most viruses and bacteria while in their active growth phase? | Chemical disinfection |
| CO's and OIC's must appoint who in writing to assist in implementing the infection control program? | Infection Control Officer (ICO) |
| What is the bacterial endospore test designed to assess whether sterilization has actually occurred? | Biological Monitor |
| What test is a diagnostic test of a prevacuum sterilizer's ability to remove air from the chamber and prevent air reenterant? | Bowie-dick |
| What items are instruments, equipment, or materials that frequently contact mucous membrane but cannot be sterilized due to their design or inability to withstand heat? | Semicritical |
| What are pathogenic micro-organisms that are present in human blood and capable of causing disease in humans? | Bloodborne pathogens |
| The prevelance of serologic markers for HBV in dental health care personnel has increased dramatically in the United States over the past several years. Each year approximately how many health care workers become infected with the virus? | 18,000 |
| Dental items are classified in one of three ways, based on the pathways through which cross contamination may occur and the location and technique of instrument use. They are what? | Critical, semicritical, and noncritical. |
| What are chemical dyes used to determine whether the conditions required for sterilization are met? | Chemical indicators |
| A surgical entry into the tissues, cavities, organs, or repair of major traumatic injuries is what type of procedure? | Invasive |
| The ability of HBV to survive in the enviornment, coupled with its high titers in the blood, makes it an excellent model for which practices? | Infection control |
| What items are instruments and materials that penetrate the skin, mucous membranes, or bone? | Critical |
| Commanding officers and officers in charge must develop and implement universal protocols of infection control strategies to prevent transmission of HBV and other pathogens of what type? | Bloodborne pathogens |
| What is the process of preventing the access of micro-organisms? | Asepsis |
| What is an unprocessed biological monitor from the same lot as the test monitor and when cultured serves as a control by verifying the viability of the unexposed organisms? | Biological Control |
| Bacteria, fungi, viruses, and bacterial spores are classified as what? | Micro-organisms |
| An infection originating in the enviornment of a hospital or freestanding dental treatment facility is a what? | Nosocomial infection |
| Infection control involves taking steps to prevent the spread of what? | Infectious agent |
| The use of rubber, plastic, paper, foil, or other fluid resistant materials to cover surfaces and protect them from contamination is known as what technique? | Barrier technique |
| What items are instruments, equipment, or materials that do not normally penetrate or contact mucuous membranes but which are exposed to splatter, spray, or splashing of blood, or are touched by contaminated hands? | Noncritical |
| The CDC estimates that HBV infection in health care personnel actually results in some 600 hospitilizations and how many deaths annually? | 200 |
| What particles can remain airborne long after a procedure is completed, making it so staff and patients must not eat or drink in the DTR's? | Aerosol |
| The ICO must ensure that infection control functions are addressed at least how often as part of the command quality assurance program? | Quarterly |
| At the beginning of each workday when preparing the DTR, flush each of the unit water lines and hoses for at least how long, beginning with the cup filler and cuspidor even if their use is not anticipated? | 1 minute |
| What is a process which uses steam under pressure for sufficient length of time to kill all forms of micro-organisms? | Saturated Steam Sterilization |
| Which instruction mandates that all active duty health care personnel receive HIV testing on an annual basis during each calendar year? | SECNAVINST 5300.30C |
| The process which destroys all types and forms of micor-oranisms is called what? | Sterilization |
| All personnel assigned duties in sterilization areas or functioning as surgical assistants will receive additional documented training in sterilization and what other techniques? | Asseptic |
| Commands must document infection control training sessions with names of persons attending and conducting, dates, and a summary of the contents of the training and must maintain thes records for at least how many years? | 3 |
| Dental procedures usually generate aerosol particles that average how many microns in diameter? | 1.3 |
| What must have solid side shields to provide maximum protection? | Eyewear or goggles |
| Commands must use what, through the appropriate chain of command, to identify total resources required to meet the guidelines of this directive and those of OSHA and EPA? | PPBS |
| Sine what infection is presently the standard model for infection control practices and is more infectious than HIV, those established procedures known to prevent the spread of it serve as the basis for universal precautions? | HBV |
| The quanitity of materials or supplies required to treat a single patient is a what? | Unit dose |
| When preparing the DTR after each patient, remove the handpiece, lubricate, and run for how long? | 30 seconds |
| The ICO must review and revise all infection control policies and procedures at least how often? | Annually |
| Having patients brush their teeth or rinse with a moutwash before treatment reduces the microbial concentration of their oral flora. Three 10-second rinses will temporarily reduce a patient's microbial count by up to what percent? | 97 |
| Who directs continuous review and upgrade of the sterilization and infection control syllabus at the Naval School of Dental Assisting and Technology (NSDAT) for the dental technician, basic "A" School? | BUMED |
| Since washing increases the porosity of gloves up to what percent, repeated use of a single pair os gloves is not permitted? | 60 |
| The same infection control practices must be used with all patients regardless if they show symptoms or not and this approach is known as what? | Universal Precautions |
| A period of up to how long often exists between the tume a person becomes infected with a virus and the time whe nthe laboratory tests can detect the antigens or antibodies to it? | Several weeks |
| Approximately what percentage of patients with HIV or HBV show no symptoms and may be unaware of their infectious disease state? | 80 |
| What is an acceptable method of cleaning and disinfecting? | Spray-Wipe-Spray |
| The ICO must include a briefing in the command orientation for all new employees and staff on infection control and policies and infectious diease hazards in the workplace per what instruction? | BUMEDINST 6010.13 |
| When inhaled, particales less than how many microns in diameter can penetrate directly ito the terminal brochioles and alveoli of the lungs? | 5 |
| Command myst review and upgrade their staff and new employee orientation presentations as directed. As a minimum, all personnel will receive initial trainging within how many days of reporting onboard and at least annually thereafter? | 90 |
| What is the most effective means of sterilization for almost all items used in dentistry? | Steam under pressure |
| What sterilization is preferable for all equipment and materials that can withstand high temperatures? | Heat |
| What is one of the most important procedures in preventing the transfer of micro-organisms from one person to another? | Handwashing |
| What is safer and more effective than manual scrubbing? | Ultrasonic Cleaning |
| Personnel should empty, disassemble, and clean all refillable hand cleansing agent dispensers at what interval? | Weekly |
| When securing a DTR at the end of the workday, you must flush each unit water line and hose for how long? | 30 seconds |
| What are water soluble complexes of iodine with organic compounds which are effective against all gram positive and gram negative bacteria and viruses? | Iodophors |
| Never recap a needle using a two-handed technique. Instead, use one of the commercially available sheath holders or what technique? | Scoop |
| The skin harbors two types of flora, what are they? | Resident and transient |
| Chlorhexidine Gluconate antiseptic for reducing transient and resident microbial hand flora, has a sustained antimicrobial effect and does not appear to affect what adversely? | Skin |
| To clean uncarpeted floors and other horizontal surfaces regularly and when spills occur use launderable mops with a detergent and an EPA-registered disinfectant or a detergent with sodium hypocholorite at what diluation? | 1:100 |
| What can survive and multiply on the skin, can be cultured repeatedly from the skin, are usually low virulence and are not easily removed? | Resident organisms |
| Infectious waste must be places in closable, leak-proof containers or bags that are labeled as what? | Biohazard |
| The mere mechanical action of rubbing the hands together and rinsing them under running water is effective in removing what? | Transient bacteria |
| Do not use glutaraldehyde as a surface disinfectant because of what? | Caustic vapors |
| Sterilizable or disposable syringe tips are recommended. For non sterilizable tips, flush water syringe for 30 seconds. Disinfect by wiping with a high-level disinfectant to clean, then wrap with disinfectant saturated gauze for how long? | 10 minutes |
| Using opened, properly decanted irrigation solutions is acceptable for up to how long for nonsurgical use? | 1 week |
| A typical dry heat cycle is how many minutes at 320-345 degrees Farenheit, plus the time required to bring the load up to sterilization temperature? | 90 minutes |
| Contaminated laundry may be laundered on-site if OSHA and CDC guidlines are followed. A wash cycle must be of at least 24 minutes duration with a water temperature of at least what temperature? | 160 degrees Farenheit |
| What do not survive and multiply on the skin and are not firmly attached? | Transient bacteria |
| Seventy percent isopropyl alcohol, also known as waterless handwashing agents, virtually disinfects the skin in how long? | 20 seconds |
| Dry heat at temperatures above what temperature will achieve sterilization? | 320 degrees Farenheit |
| Using opened, properly decanted irrigation solutions is acceptable for up to how long when used for surgical procedures? | 1 day |
| Mops must not be used for more than how long without laundering? | 1 day |
| Use of chlorhexidine gluconate preoperative rinse of what percentage signifcantly decreases the ineffectivity of an aerosol? | 0.12 percent |
| Chlorine Dioxide-Based solutions have limited use patterns because of their what? | Corrosiveness |
| Chemical vapor sterilization requires 20 minutes at what temperature? | 270 degrees Farenheit |
| After scrubbing a prosthetic device, place the prosthesis in a container filler with an EPA-registered disinfectant such as an iodophor, cholorine dioxide, or a synthetic phenol compound. Place the container in an ultrasonic cleaner for how long? | 10 minutes |
| For an X-ray chair you should disinfect at least daily or when visibly contaminated using an EPA-registered disinfectant at what level? | Intermediate-level |
| A mixture of alcohols, formaldehyde, water, and other chemicals heated under pressure forms a gas that can achieve sterilization, also known as what type of sterilization? | Chemical vapor |
| Iodophors are classified as what level disinfectants if the product label claims tuberculocidal activity? | Intermediate-level |
| Glutaraldehyde-Based Solutions are classified as what level disinfectant or sterilants? | High-level |
| What is a less lethal process than sterilization? | Disinfection |
| You should soak reusable impression trays in an EPA-registered disinfectant for how long, scrub in soapy water, and seal in peel packs before autoclaving? | 10 minutes |
| Using a heated unit, Ethylene Oxide Sterilization can be achieved in how long at 120 degrees Farenheit? | 2-3 hours |
| Who classifies chemical disinfectants that are sporicidal as disinfectant or sterilants? | EPA |
| Use dosage indicators inside and process indicators outside each what? | Instrument pack |
| Sterilization at relatively low temperatures is possible with what type of gas? | Ethylene oxide |
| When disposable covers are not available, treat bite blocks as you would a what? | Film holding device |
| All semicritical category items should receive what level disinfection? | High-level |
| You should consider all prosthetic devices received contaminated and scrub them with a brush using a bacteriocidal soap. Store the brush in a glutaraldehyde solution of what percentage between uses? | 2 percent |
| All noncritical category items require at least what level disinfection? | Intermediate-level |
| EPA classifies disinfectants as what, based on the contact time of the solution and the biocidal activity of an agent against bacterial spores, mycobacterum tuberculosis, lipid and nonlipid viruses, and vegetative bacteria? | High, intermediate, or low level |
| CO's should purchase new ethylene oxide equipment, it may not survive in today's dental health care enviornment because ethylene oxide is a serious problem of what sort? | OSHA problem |
| Infection control in prosthodontics and orthodontics is divided into two distinctly different areas, what are they? | DTR and dental laboratory |
| As a minimum you should perform biological monitoring how often? | Weekly |
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hull5518
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