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Orthopedic Vocab
Common Orthopedic Injuries & Repairs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Surgical procedure that uses piece of bone to replace lost bone or to fuse two bones together | Bone Graft |
| Scan using radioactive dye to visualize bones; effective for stress fractures and bone cancer | Bone Scan |
| Repetive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves | Carpal Tunnel Syndrome |
| Broken bone with no open skin wound | Closed Fracture/Simple Fracture |
| Bone break where bone shatters into many small pieces | Comminuted Frature |
| Broken bone with open skin wound | Opened Fractue/Compound Fracture |
| Bone break causing height loss of vertebral body; may result from trauma, may occur in a bone weakened by osteoporosis | Compression Fracture |
| Abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, Tendons, or connective tissue making it difficult to stretch muscle | Contracture |
| Muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies | Creatine Kinase (CK) |
| Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer; test used to determine whether muscles respond properly. | Deep Tenson Reflexes (DTR) |
| bones in joints are displaced from normal alignment and ends of bone are no loner in contact with eachother | Dislocation |
| Test using low-dose x-ray beam to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis | Dual-energy absorptiometry (DXA) |
| Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue | Fibromyalgia |
| process of stabilizing fractured bone while it heals; i.e. casts, splints, pins, rods, plates, screws, and wires | Fixation |
| Broken Bone | Fracture (FX, Fx/) |
| Fracture with incomplete break, one side of hte bone breaks and the other side only bends. Common in childern since their bones are so pliable. | Greenstick Fracture |
| Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebrae, puts pressure on spinal nerves. May require surgery | Herniated Nucleus Pulposus (HNP)/herniated disk, ruptured disk |
| Fracture in which one bone fragmnet is pushed into another | Impacted Fracture |
| Abnormal outward curvature of thoracic spine (Humpback/Hunchback) | Kyphosis |
| Abnormal excessive anterior lumbar curvature of lumbar spine (Swayback) | Lorosis |
| Abornmal lateral curvature of spine | Scoliosis |
| Loss of muscle bulk due to muscle disease, nervous system disease, or lack of use. a.k.a muscle wasting | Muscle Atrophy |
| Inherited disease involving progressive muscle degeneration, weakness, and atrophy. | Muscular Dystophy (MD) |
| Bone break in which fracture line runs along an angle to shaft of the bone | Oblique Fracture |
| Externally applied brace or split used to prevent or correct deformities | Orthosis |
| Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage cushion covering bones in joint; result in bone rubbing against bone | Osteoarthritis (OA) |
| Most common type of bone cancer; usually begins in osteocytes found at ends of bon. Most frequent in person 10-25 years old. | Osteogenic Sarcoma |
| Broken bone caused by disease or weakened bone, not trauma | Pathologic Frature |
| Use of a thin catheter tube inserted into intervertebral disk through skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporized diak | Percutaneous Diskectomy |
| Any artifical devise used as substitue for a body part that is either missing at birth or lost as a result of an accident or disease; example artifical leg | Prosthesis |
| Diagnostic imaging procedure using x-rays to see internal structure of body ; especially useful for bones and joints. | Radiography |
| Correcting fratured or dislocation by realigning bone. | Reduction |
| chronic disorder with tendon, muscle, joint, and nerve damage casued by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration, or repetitive movemnets. | Repetitive Motion Disorder |
| Swelling, stiffness, pain, and degeneration of cartilage in joints caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities. | Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) |
| Sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contration | Spasm |
| Birth Defect that occurs when vertebra fails to fully form around spinal cord; ranges from mild to severe; if spinala cordis damaged, paralysis results. | Spina Bifida |
| Bone break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone; caused by twisting injury; often slow to heal. | Spiral Fracture |
| Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone frature | Sprain |
| A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather than a single forceful impact. | Stress Frature |
| Surgical reconstruciton of hip joint with artifical hip joint. | Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) |
| Surgical reconstruciton of knee joint with artifical knee joint. | Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA) |
| Bone break with frature line straight across shaft of bone. | Transverse Fracture |
| Large group of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis | Non-sterodial Anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) |
Created by:
Wolkowski
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