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Name from top to bottom Egypt's social classes
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Ancient Egypt Life
Chapter 9- Daily Life In Ancient Egypt: dec. 6, 2013
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was society structured like? | a pyramid |
| Name from top to bottom Egypt's social classes | pharaoh,government officials, priests, scribes, artisans, peasants |
| What classes had less people and a higher status? | the classes closer the top |
| ______'s word was law. Fill in the blank. | pharaohs |
| what was government officials main job? | To assist pharaoh in his role |
| what type of families did government officials come from? | noble |
| government officials were ______, wealthy, and enjoyed _______. | 1. powerful 2. a high quality of life |
| What were three important government officials? | chief treasurer. general of the armies, vizier |
| What power did the vizier have? | more power than anyone except for the pharaohs |
| What was the vizier government officials main duty? | advise pharaoh and carry out commands |
| What was the viziers role toward other government officials? | to appoint and supervise them |
| What did the vizier serve as? | chief judge |
| How was the vizier shown as in pieces of art? | in the color of white (neutrality) |
| What was the viziers job as chief judge? | to solve toughest cases and be fair to each case |
| Name two duties of the chief treasurer. | look after governments wealth, collect taxes |
| What was the economy in ancient Egypt based on? | goods, not money |
| what did the Egyptians pay taxes in? | grain, cows, cloth, silver, and beer |
| who was the general of the armies? | top military commander and advised pharaoh inn matters of war and national security |
| what did the general of the armies help with? | making alliances with other kingdoms |
| Who led luxury? | high government officials |
| what were high government officials most? | nobles with great wealth, homes, and time to socialize |
| what banquets did high gov. officials host? | lavish banquets |
| what did the host of lavish banquets strive for? | best food |
| How did guests dress at lavish banquets? | nice; makeup, fine linen clothing, perfume, ropes of beads, etc. |
| what did the guests do? | wish the hosts long blessings and important guests given chairs with high backs |
| what gender were servants at banquets? | nearly all women |
| what generally happened at lavish banquets hosted by government officials? | musicians, dancers, and acrobats performed and guests ate with their fingers |
| children usually belonged to the same class a their parents. True or false? | true |
| what did all social classes cherish? | family life |
| in what class did Egyptians mainly marry in? | their own class |
| Children were _________ | highly valued |
| what were men in egypts daily life? | head of households and worked to support family |
| true or false? fathers often trained children at a young age to work. | true |
| what was womens role in the household? | manage home and raise children |
| women were in charge of egyptian society. true or false? | false. men were in charge of society |
| women enjoyed __________ | freedom and rights because they could own land and run businesses, ask for divorces, represent selves in legal matters, etc. |
| did women and men enjoy better quality of life the lower they were on the social pyramid? | no; the higher they were on the pyramid, the better quality life they had |
| What did high priests do? | advise pharaoh and oversaw religious ceremonies |
| What were temple priests in charge of? | the temples |
| why was the temple priests work so important? | they guarded and were in charge of the temples that the pharaohs lived in and had to protect them and take care of them |
| what were the main duties of other priests? | give advise, perform healing processes |
| could women be priestesses? | yes |
| women were considered ________ in comparison to the male gender | equal |
| what were the priestesses main duty? | oversee temples devoted to music and dancing |
| temple priests were what? | an important role in egyptian religion |
| who could enter a sanctuary in statue form? | purified preiests |
| what did a priest have to do before being purified? | avoid food associated with lower classes, bathe 3-4 times a day in holy pools, shave of all body hair, wear clothes made of linen cloth |
| what did priests oversee? | sacred embalming |
| what did the people believe gods did with the heart? | used the heart to judge the dead's souls |
| what was left in the body during embalming? | the heart |
| describe the embalming process. | 1. remove organs such as lungs, liver, and brain pulled out through nostrils 2. organs packed in jars/ dried out with natron 3. washed and oiled body after 70 days 4. wrapped in linen and decorated with jewelry & mask 5.wrapped again and gooey gum spr |
| How is the mummy buried? | 1.placed in wooden box 2.box put in stone sarcophagus 3.buried with valuables |
| what were the scribes? | official writers and record keepers |
| who did the scribes work for? | gov., priests, or nobles |
| what gender were scribes? | men |
| scribes were one of the few ways______ | men could rise above their parents class |
| what did you have to attend in order to become a scribe? | scribe school |
| what were the scribe schools run by? | priests |
| what classes usually belonged to scribe schools? | artisans, sometimes peasants, and merchant families |
| what age did children start scribe school and how long did they stay? | started at age of 5; generally went on for 12 years or more |
| scribe schools taught what? | hieroglyphs (symbols in egyptian writing) |
| what did scribes have to memorize? | over 700 hieroglyphs |
| what did scribes write on? | wood, flakes of stone, broken pottery, and if good, papyrus |
| true or false? scribes had an easy life. | false; they had a hard life of strict teachers and hours and beatings |
| what were three common jobs of the scribes? | records of grain/food supply recorded census results calculated taxes |
| how did scribes write? | with sharpened reeds for pens on a tablet with 2 wells of red and black ink; carried tools everywhere |
| how did scribes use papyrus to write? | used as paper; cut inner plant into strips, soaked in water, pressed together on cloth, absorbed water, then pressed to make paper |
| who were the artisans? | second to last level on social pyramid; skilled laborers who made art with very little respect |
| what were some of the artisans jobs? | carpenters, jewelers,leather/metal workers, painters. potters, sculptures, and weavers |
| what gender did the artisans usually consist of? | men |
| if women artisans were present, what would their duties be? | weave fabrics, beaded clothing, and made perfume |
| what artisans were the most skilled? | stone carvers |
| what did stone carvers make? | statues, engravings, and reliefs |
| stone carver artisans had an__________ | important role in tomb building |
| stone carving was ________ | very hard and time consuming; very hard rock and granite |
| what tools did the artisan stone carvers use? | rock to hammer initial shape and carve in details with stone tools and copper chisels; smoothed with quartz sand |
| what homes did artisans have? | modest, rectangular, and barely 10 yards long with three rooms |
| where did artisans work at? | large workshops with little breaks |
| what did artisans depend on | employers for food; often went hungry |
| what did pharaohs call the artisans for? | to work on royal projects |
| what did upper classes view the artisans as? | little more than common laborers |
| what were the peasants? | unskilled laborers with important work and large class. lowest class. |
| what did the peasants do? | grow crops that supplied food for Egypt and sometimes built monuments |
| what were the three seasons of the Nile? | flooding season, planting season, and harvest season |
| when did the flooding season take place? | june- september |
| what happened during the flooding season? | Nile River overran its banks and fertilized fields; water had to go down before farming |
| when was the planting season? | october |
| what happened during the planting season? | farmers sowed fields with seeds and worked in pairs irrigating land |
| what were the biggest crops and what were they used for during the planting season? | wheat and barley; to make bread and beer |
| when was the harvest season? | march |
| what happened during the harvest season? | family helped harvest crops, gather grain, ad cut down plants. worked dawn-dusk |
| peasants had the ______ comforts. | fewest |
| houses=? | simple, made of mud bricks and mats for furniture |
| describe the peasants diet. | very simple; rarely ate meat- in times of famine boiled papyrus plants |
| what did peasants spend most of their lives doing? | working; sometimes played river game |
| festivals were held.... | honoring gods and holidays before and after harvest |
| what reward did peasants receive after harvest season? | allowed to gather up leftover grain, but could be punished |
| what were peasants taxes paid in? | crops; if came up short they were brutally beaten. |
Created by:
winetime
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