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SALTGovernmentSem1
Study help for Government Semester Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What was the first self-governing assembly in America? | House of Burgesses |
| In 1 Timothy 2:1-4, who exhorts believers to pray for government officials? | Paul |
| Who represents secular authority in Mark 12:17? | Caesar |
| The House of Burgesses was located in what city? | Colonial Williamsburg |
| DEFINITION: the blind unquestioning devotion to one's own country | jingoism |
| DEFINITION: the spreading of God's word | evangelism |
| DEFINITION: the absence of any government | anarchy |
| DEFINITION: the love of one's country | patriotism |
| DEFINITION: system of public rule or authority | government |
| In what year did the Pilgrims arrive in America? | 1620 |
| What was the agreement among the Pilgrims that established a temporary government? | Mayflower Compact |
| What was the first written constitution in the New World? | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut |
| What New England law required parents to provide for the education of their children? | Act of 1642 |
| What is the principle that says that government is formed by the consent of the governed? | social contract |
| What people first practiced democracy? | Greeks |
| What are powers given to the national government by the Constitution which define the limits of its authority? | delegated |
| What closed Boston Harbor, nullified the Massachusetts charter, and permitted quartering of British soldiers in private homes? | Intolerable Acts |
| What form of church polity did the Puritan churches follow? | congregational |
| Who was the first governor of the Puritans in Massachusetts? | John Winthrop |
| What did Thomas Jefferson call a right that cannot be given by government because it is a gift from God? | inalienable right |
| Who is the chief executive officer of the United States? | president |
| What is the heart of American government? | Constitution |
| Which amendment protects the rights of the states? | Tenth |
| Which branch of government makes the laws? | legislative |
| Which branch of government interprets the laws? | judicial |
| What are the powers called that are not granted to the national government and not prohibited from the states? | reserved powers |
| Where are the steps to statehood found? | Northwest Ordinance of 1787 |
| Under which type of government system does the national government have little or no power? | confederacy |
| Who came to rule England as the result of the Glorious Revolution? | William and Mary |
| What form of government is based on each citizen having an actual voice in the decision-making process? | direct democracy |
| What form of government is based on majority rule through elected officials? | indirect democracy |
| What form of government is based on elected officials ruled by law? | republic |
| What are necessary conditions for a successful democratic system? | opportunity, moral responsibility and an educated society |
| DEFINITION: government by the people | democracy |
| What id necessary for a democracy to flourish? | a large middle class |
| DEFINITION: the first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States | Bill of Rights |
| Who wrote Second Treatise on Civil Government, which greatly influenced the founding fathers? | John Locke |
| What year was the first legislative assembly organized in the New World? | 1619 |
| What king ascended to the throne of England in 1760? | George III |
| What document did the First Continental Congress send to the king? | Declaration of Grievances |
| A trade dispute between VA and MD, as well as Shays's rebellion, highlighted the weaknesses of what document? | Articles of Confederation |
| In what city did the Constitutional Convention meet? | Philadelphia, PA |
| Who earned the title "Father of the Constitution"? | James Madison |
| What were the published essays that defended the Constitution called? | The Federalist Papers |
| Who did most of the writing in defense of the Constitution? | Alexander Hamilton |
| What law did the 1765 Stamp Act violate? | Petition of Right |
| Who appointed George Washington to lead the Continental Army? | Second Continental Congress |
| What country has the oldest written constitution in effect today? | United States |
| Which Supreme Court case expanded the 3rd and 4th Amendments to imply a right to privacy as one of American citizens' fundamental rights? | Griswold v. Connecticut |
| Who broke the two-term precedent set by George Washington? | Franklin Roosevelt |
| Who was the first vice president to assume the presidency after the death of a president? | John Tyler |
| What article of the Constitution makes provision for its own amendment? | Article V |
| What is the only amendment to be ratified by state conventions? | Twenty-first |
| Which Supreme Court case established the right of judicial review? | Marbury v. Madison |
| DEFINITION: people are the ultimate source of their government's power | popular sovereignty |
| DEFINITION: division of power between national and state levels of government | federalism |
| What did the Twenty-second Amendment achieve? | limited president to 2 terms or no more than 10 years in office |
| DEFINITION: one who believes that the text of the Constitution is important and that any interpretation should be kept to a minimum | strict constructionist |
| DEFINITION: power of Congress to charge the president and federal judges with misconduct while they are in office | impeachment |
| DEFINITION: power of the Supreme Court to determine the constitutionality of a law passed by Congress | judicial review |
| DEFINITION: when a president rejects a bill proposed by Congress | veto |
| DEFINITION: when the president does not sign a bill within ten days of receiving it and Congress adjourns within that time | pocket veto |
| DEFINITION: defaming a person in writing | libel |
| DEFINITION: drawing district lines to benefit one group or party over another | gerrymandering |
| DEFINITION: the right to vote | franchise |
| DEFINITION: an official who is still in office but who was not reelected | lame duck |
| Since 1913, what has provided a continuous source of money for the national government? | income tax |
| DEFINITION: legal process of returning an alleged criminal to the state in which he is charged | extradition |
| Which amendment established a federal income tax? | Sixteenth |
| What type of political system is most common among European democracies? | multiparty |
| Which amendment called for direct election of senators? | Seventeenth |
| What democrat broke the Republican hold on the White House in 1932? | Franklin Roosevelt |
| Which president warned against political parties in his farewell address? | George Washington |
| DEFINITION: when a person votes for candidates from more than one party | ticket-splitting |
| DEFINITION: temporary alliance of several groups to form a majority in order to gain control of the government | coalition |
| DEFINITION: spirit of two-party cooperation | bipartisan |
| DEFINITION: when a candidate receives the largest number of votes | plurality |
| DEFINITION: formal statement of the party's position on current issues | platform |
| DEFINITION: assembly of district party representatives who nominate candidates for president and vice president | caucus |
| Who won the presidency by campaigning from his home in Canton, Ohio? | William McKinley |
| Who benefited from a good television image in the first televised presidential debate? | John Kennedy |
| Which amendment gave voting rights to all citizens regardless of race? | Fifteenth |
| Which amendment gave voting rights to women? | Nineteenth |
| Which amendment abolished poll taxes? | Twenty-fourth |
| Which amendment extended voting rights to 18-year olds? | Twenty-sixth |
| What Supreme Court case ruled that individuals may spend as much of their own money on their campaigns as they wish? | Buckley v. Valeo |
| What is a primary in which voters must be registered as members of one party and must vote accordingly? | closed primary |
| What is a primary in which voters do not have to declare party membership? | open primary |
| What type of election is held to fill an elective office? | general election |
| DEFINITION: resident of a district represented by an elected official | constituent |
| DEFINITION: an office holder who is seeking reelection | incumbent |
| Who first introduced a "scientific" system of polling? | George Gallup |
| What is another name for an "interest group"? | pressure group |
| What was the first national newspaper in the United States? | New York Tribune |
| Which amendment guarantees freedom of speech? | First |
| What is a moderate? | One who does not call him/herself a conservative or a liberal |
| DEFINITION: government cannot review and censor information before it is presented to the public (except during times of war) | prior restraint |
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