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ch. 12 vocab
chapter 12 vocab + elections terminology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| electorate | eligible voters |
| electoral college | group of voters that choose president on basis of popular vote |
| franchise | the right to vote |
| incumbent | person already holding office (most are re-elected) |
| challenger | running against the incumbent |
| open seat | no incumbent running |
| majority | more than 1/2; 50% + 1 |
| plurality | more votes than anyone else |
| primary election | voters choose candidate within each party; includes only loyal party members |
| general election | voters choose between candidates; includes all voters regardless of party |
| closed primary election | voters must choose a party before election in order to vote |
| open primary election | voters choose which party's primary to vote in on election day |
| blanket primary election | voters may vote in both parties primaries |
| Political Action Committee (PAC) | corporations, unions, and other interest groups form in order to donate money; must report to Federal Election officials |
| soft money | money spent by state political parties to promote loyalty; no limits on campaign donations |
| issue ads | some groups can spend any amount of money but can't "consult with" campaign organizations |
| platform | political party's stand on important issues and the party's general principles |
| focus group | small gathering of people whose response to something is used to predict the response of a larger population |
| swing states | those states where support for each candidate in an upcoming election is about equal |
| stump speech | standard speech that candidates give during a political campaign |
| negative campaigning | attacking an opponent during a political campaign |
| sound bite | very brief segment of a speech or statement usually broadcast on the radio or television |
| demographic | population group defined by a specific characteristic or set of characteristics |
| Federal Election Commission (FEC) | government commission formed to enforce the Federal Election Campaign Act |
| party-building activities | political party activities, such as voter registration drives and television ads supporting the party's principles, that don't support specific candidates but instead promote the party |
| leadership PACs | political action committees that are separate from the officeholder's campaign organization |
| 527 group | tax-exempt organization created to influence an election by attempting to influence voters' opinions about candidates or issues without directly calling a candidate's election or defeat |
| poll workers | people hired local election officials to manage voting on election day |
| poll watchers | volunteers that a party or candidate sends to polling places to ensure that the election there is run fairly |
| redistricting | process of drawing new boundaries for legislative districts |
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