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The Blood ch 19
keywords for functions and composition of Blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Formed elements | blood cells and cell fragments that are suspended in plasma |
| Red Blood cells (RBC) | or erythrocytes, are the most abundant blood cells |
| White blood cells | or Leukocytes, are cells involved with the body's defense mech. |
| Globulins | 35% of the proteins in plasma |
| Antibodies | or immunoglobulins, attack foreign proteins and pathogens |
| Transport globulins | bind small ions, hormones or compounds that might otherwise be lost at the kidneys or have very low solublity in water |
| Fibrinogen | functions in clotting |
| Fibrin | these fibers provide the basic framework for a blood clot |
| Hematocrit | the percentage of whole blood occupied by cellular elements |
| Erythropoiesis | red blood cell formation, occurs only in red bone marrow, or myeloid tissue |
| Stages of RBC Maturation | Proerythroblast (d1), Basophilic erthroblast (d2), Polychomatophili erythroblast (d3) Normoblast (d4), Reticulocyte(d5-7), mature cell |
| Erythorpoietin EPO | or erythopoiesis-stimulating hormone, is a glycoprotein that apears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to low oxygen levels |
| Hypoxia | low tissue levels of oxygen |
| Surface antigens | substance that your immune system recognizes as normal rather than attacking them as foriegn |
| Blood type | a classification determined by the presence or absence of a specific surface antigen in the Rbc membrane |
| Agglutinogens | surface antigens of RBC |
| Type A Blood | has surface antigens A only |
| Type B blood | has surface antigens B only |
| Type AB | has both A & B antigens |
| Type O | has neither A or B antigens |
| RH positive | indicates the presence of the Rh surface antigen, called the RH factor |
| RH negative | indicates the absence of the RH factor |
| Neutrophils | this name reflects the fact that the granules of these WBC's are chemically neutral and thus are difficult to stain witheither acidic or basic dyes |
| Basophils | have numerous granules that stain darkly with basic dyes,migrate to injury sites and cross the capillary endothelium to accumulate in the dammaged tissue |
| Monocytes | spherical cells, remains in blood stream for about 24 hrs before entering perpheral tissues to become a tissue macrophage |
| Lymphocytes | continuely migrate from bloodstream to peripheral tissue back to blood stream. |
| T Cells | responsible for cell-mediated immunity, a defense mechanism against invading foreign cells |
| B Cells | responsible for humoral immunity, a defense mechanism that involves the production and distribution of anitbodies. which inturn attack foreign antigens |
| NK Cells | natural killer cells, responsible for immune surveillance, the detection and subsequent destruction of abnormal tissue cells |
| leukopenia | indicates inadequate numbers of WBC |
| Red Blood Cells | Transport oxygen from lungs to tissue and carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs |
| Neutrophils | Phagocytic: Engulf pathogens or debris in tissues, release cytotoxic enzymes and chemicals |
| Eosinophils | Phagocytic: Engulf antibody-labeled materials, release cytotoxic enzymes reduce inflammation |
| Basophils | Enter damaged tissues and release histamine and other chemicals that promote inflammation |
| Monocytes | Enter tissues to become macrophages: engulf pathogens or debris |
| Lymphocytes | Cells of Lymphatic system providing defense against specific pathogens or toxins |
| Platelets | Hemostasis: Clump together and stick to vessel wall; activate intrinsic pathway of coagulation phase |
| Platelet Functions | Transport of chemicals Important to the clotting process, Formation of a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels, Active contaction after clot formation |
| Hemostatsis | the cessation of bleeding , prevents the loss of blood throughthe walls of damaged vessels. |
| Vascular Phase | Decrases the diameter of the vessel at the site of injury |
| Platelet Phase | begin to attach to sticky endothelial surfaces, to basil lamina and to exposed collagen fibers |
| Platelet adhesion | attachment of platelets to exposed surfaces |
| Platelet plug | may close the break in the vessel wall if the damage is not severe or the vessel is relatively small |
| Extrinsic Pathway | begins with the release of Factor III, (tissue factor), by damged endothelial cells or peripheral tissues. |
| Intrinsic Pathways | begin with the activation of prenzymes exposed to collagen fibers at the injury site |
Created by:
mskap2
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