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Retina
Layers of the Retina, Photoreceptor Cells, etc
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 10 layers of the Retina? | 1)Pigmented Epithelium; 2)Photoreceptor Layer; 3)External Limiting Membrane; 4)Outer Nuclear Layer; 5)Outer Plexiform Layer; 6)Inner Nuclear Layer 7)Inner Plexiform Layer; 8)Ganglion Cell Layer; 9)Nerve Fiber Layer; 10)Internal Limiting Membrane |
| The ______ is the nervous coat of the eye. | retina |
| How many microns thick is the retina? | 200 to 300 |
| How many rods are in the retina? | 111-130 million |
| How many cones are in the retina? | 6.3-6.8 million |
| The fovea has a high concentration of...? | cones |
| How many cones are in the fovea? | 200,000 |
| Each cone has its very own ____________ which helps give it really sharp vision. | ganglion axon |
| Up to _____ rods can share the same ganglion axon. | 10,000 |
| The optic nerve is composed of ___ to ___ million ganglion cell axons. | 1.1 to 1.3 million |
| The retina extends from the circular edge of the _________ to the _________. | optic disc to the ora serata |
| The retina is the site of transformation of light energy into...? | electrical impulses |
| What is the only light sensitive part of the eye? | Retina |
| What type of cells are contained in the retina? | photoreceptor; ganglion; bipolar; horizontal; amacrine; interplexiform; Muller |
| What is the process of converting light energy into a neural signal. | phototransduction |
| Which layer of the retina is composed of outer and inner segments of the photoreceptor cells? | Photoreceptor layer |
| What is the pigment contained in rods? | Rhodopsin |
| What is rhodopsin made from? | opsin and vitamin A |
| Which are more light sensitive rods or cones? | Rods |
| Rhodoposin dissassociates when light is too ______? | bright |
| Which photoreceptor cells are motion sensitive and responsible for peripheral vision? | Rods |
| Which photorecptor cells give us our shades of grey? | Rods |
| Are there more rods or cones? | Rods |
| Which photorecptor cells are more concentrated toward the center of the retina? | Cones |
| Which photoreceptor cells give us our acute vision? | Cones |
| Which photoreceptor cells give us our color vision? | Cones |
| What is the pigment in cones? | iodopsin |
| What are the three types of cone cells? | Red; Green; Blue |
| How long does it take to fully adapt to light? | 5 minutes |
| How long does it take to become completely dark adapted? | 45 minutes |
| ____ are extremely sesitive in low light conditions. | Rods |
| How many forms of Macular Degeneration are there? | Two forms |
| Which form of macular degeneration is characterized by the presence of yellow deposits on the macula which causes the macula tissue to thin over time. | Dry Form |
| Which form of macular degeneration is characterized by the growth of abnormal blood vessels from the choroid layer that go through to the macula? | Wet form |
| Both forms of macular degeneration lead to the eventual loss of...? | Central vision |
| Most patients have which form of macular degeneration? | Dry |
| They eye can perceive up to ___ shades of grey. | 500 |
| What is the center of the macula lutea? | Fovea Centralis |
| All the photoreceptor cells in the fovea are rods or cones? | Cones |
| Where does the optic nerve exit they eye? | Optic disc |
| There is a anatomical blind spot at the optic disc because there are no _____________ cells? | photoreceptor |
| Retinal detachment is the separation between the retinal pigmented epithelium and the ______________? | photoreceptors |
| During retinal detachment the photorecptor cells are separated from their...? | blood supply |
| How is retinal detachment corrected? | An argon laser is used to photocoagulate the edges of the detached retinal tissue back into position. |
| Retinal detachment results in...? | scar tissue |
| Who is more likely to get a retinal detachment? | People who are highly myopic (more than -6.00 Diopters) |
| Retinitis Pigmentosa is a _______ disorder. | genetic |
| Does retinitis pigmentosa lead to a sudden vision loss or is it a progressive loss? | Progressive |
| Retinitis pigmentosa is a gradual deterioration of what? | photoreceptor cells |
| What is loss first in retinitis pigmentosa? | Loss of night vision |
| In retinitis pigmentosa, after the loss of night vision, blind spots develop in the __________ vision. | peripheral |
| Before leading to blindness, retintis pigmentosa leads to ______ vision. | tunnel |
| What three factors affect color? | Hue - color wavelength; Brightness - Intenstiy/luminostiy; and Saturation - How much white light is present and mixed with the color |
| Normal vision is ____________. | trichromatic |
| What three colors make up normal vision? | Red, Green, Blue |
| What is the most common type of color blindness? | Dichromatic |
| If you have protonopia, what color does your vision lack? | Red |
| If you have deuternopia, what color does your vision lack? | Green |
| If you have tritanopia, what color does your vision lack? | Blue |
| What type of color blindness uses all three colors but mixes them up? | Anamolous trichromatic |
| What is monochromatic color blindness? | Seeing no color at all, everything is seen as shades of grey |
| What are two ways to get color blindness? | Inherited or from disease |
| Which parent is color blindness inhertited from? | mother |
| What percent of males are color blind? | 7-8% |
| What percent of females are color blind? | less than 1% |
| What test is used for color blindness? | Ishihara Color Test |
| When are the first hairs for the eyebrows formed? | During embryonic development |
| What is another name for eyelids? | Palpebrae |
| What are the functions of the eyelids? | Cover the globe for protection; move tears towards drainage at medial canthus on closure; spread tear film; |
| Where are the structures that produce tears located? | Eyelids |
| What is a droopy upper eyelid known as? | PTOSIS |
| Where the upper and lower eyelids meet at the corner of the palpebral fissure is called the...? | canthi |
| What is the caruncle? | A small pink mass at the medial side |
| What are the eyelashes known as? | Cilia |
| How many eyelashes are in the upper lid? | 150 |
| How many eyelashes are in the lower lid? | 75 |
| How often are eyelashes replaced? | Once every five months |
| How long does it take for eyelashes to grow to full length? | 10 weeks |
Created by:
griffiskr
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