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Chapter 6 muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four major functional characteristics? | contractility, excitability, extensibility,elasticity |
| ability of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus? | Contractility |
| capacity of skeletal muscle muscle to respond to stimulus? | excitability |
| ability to be stretched | extensibility |
| ability to recoil | elasticity |
| What do muscles do? | produce heat essential for maintenance of normal body temp |
| Skeletal muscle is surrounded by? | epimysium |
| tissue located ouside of the epimysium? | Fascia |
| Muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called? | fasciculi |
| Fasciculi is surrounded by? | perimysium |
| Single muscle cells? | fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by? | endomysium |
| thread like structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other? | myofibrils |
| 2 major kinds of protein fibers? | actin myofilaments, myosin myofilaments |
| thin myofilaments | actin |
| thick myofilaments | myosin |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called? | sarcomeres |
| basic structural and functional unity of the muscle? | sarcomeres |
| Sarcomeres extend from? | z line to z line |
| The z line is an light area called? | an I band |
| I band contains? | actin |
| darker central region in each sarcomere? | A band |
| A band contains? | myosin |
| Charge difference across the membrane? | resting membrance potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge? | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers? | motor neurons |
| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms? | neuromusclular junction |
| neuromusclular junction? | synapse |
| single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates? | motor unit |
| enlarged nerve terminal? | presynaptic terminal |
| space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the? | synaptic cleft |
| each presynaptic terminal contanins? | synaptic vesicles |
| Synaptic vesicles secrete? | acetycholine |
| Sliding actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments during contraction? | sliding filament mechanism |
| contraction of an entire muscle? | muscle twitch |
| muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until stimulus reaches a level called? | threshold |
| time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and beginning of a contraction? | lag phase |
| time of contraction? | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes? | relaxation phase |
| where muscles remain contracted without relaxing? | tetany |
| increase in number of motor units being activated is called? | recruitment |
| anaerobic respiration? | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration? | with oxygen |
| the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to covert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle smell | oxygen debt |
| when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced | Muscle fatigue |
| length of muscle does not change, but amount of tension increases during contraction process | isometric |
| amount of tension produced by the muscle is constant during contraction, but the length of the muscle changes | isotonic |
| constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time | muscle tone |
| contract quickly and fatigue quickly | fast-twitch fibers |
| contract more slowly and are more resistant to fatigue | Slow-twitch fibers |
| orgin(head) | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion | belly |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements | synergists |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| muscle that plays the major role in movement | prime mover |
| raises the eyebrows | occipito frontails |
| closes the eyelids | orbichloris oculi |
| puckers the lips | oribiculoris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| smiliing muscles | zygomaticus |
| sneering | levator labii superoris |
| frowning | depressor angulioris |
| mastication | chewing |
| mastication is made of | temporalis and masseter |
| tongue muscles | Intrinsic, Extrinsic |
| changes shape of tongue | Intrinsic |
| moves tongue | Extrinsic |
| Neck muscles | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Prime mover: rotates and turns the head | Sternocleidomastoid |
| Toticollis | twisted neck |
| group of muscles on each side of the back. Responsible for keeping the back straight and the body erect. | Erector spinae |
| muscles that move the thorax | thoracic muscles |
| accomplishes quiet breathing. Dome-shaped muscle. Aids in breathing. | Diaphragm |
| contract during forced expiration | Internal intercostals |
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ErinNoble34
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