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muscles study stack
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | the ability of skeletal muscles to shorten with force |
| excitability | the capacity of a skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus |
| extensibilty | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | ability to recoil to their original resting length after being stretched |
| epimysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding skeletal muscles |
| fascia | connective tissue located outside the epimysium |
| fasiculi | bundled cells that create the muscle |
| perimysium | loose connective tissue surrounding the fasiculi |
| fibers | makes up the fasiculi |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath surrounding each fiber |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure that extends from one end of the fiber to the other |
| actin myofillaments | thin myofilaments resembling 2 minute strands of pearls |
| myosin myofilament | thick myofilaments resembling bundles of minute golf clubs |
| sarcomeres | unit formed by actin and myosin myofilaments |
| resting membrane potential | the charge difference between the inside and the outside of the cell membrane |
| action potential | the brief reversal back of the charge |
| motor neurons | nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers |
| neuromuscular junction (synapse) | where the axon connects to the muscle |
| motor unit | single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates |
| presynaptic terminal | enlarged nerve terminal |
| synaptic cleft | the space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell |
| postsynaptic terminal | the muscle fiber |
| synaptic vessicles | secrete a neurotransmitter and is located in the presynaptic terminal |
| acetylcholine | the neurotransmitter |
| acetylcholinesterase | an enymatic breakdown |
| sliding filament mechanism | the sliding of actin myofilaments past myosin myofilaments |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| threshold | the level a muscle fiber can begin to react |
| lag phase | beginning of a muscle contraction |
| contraction phase | time of a contraction |
| relaxation phase | time which the muscle relaxes |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| recruitment | increase in number of motor units being activated |
| creating phosphate | high-energy molecule |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| oxygen debt | the amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions |
| muscle fatigue | when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster than it can be produced |
| isometric | length does not change, but the amount of tension increases |
| isotonic | the tension produced by the muscle is constant but the length of the muscle changes |
| muscle tone | constant tension produced by muscles of the body for long periods of time |
| fast twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly |
| slow twitch fibers | contract slowly and more resistant to fatigue |
| origin | most stationary end of the muscle |
| insertion | end of the muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | portion of the muscle between the origin and insertion |
| synergists | muscles that work together |
| antagonists | muscles that work in opposition to eachother |
| prime mover | plays a major role in accomplishing the desired movement |
| frontalis | raises eyebrows |
| orbicularis oculi | blinks and closes eye |
| orbicularis oris | closes and protrudes lips |
| temporalis | closes jaw |
| zygomaticus | raises corner of the mouth |
| masseter | closes jaw |
| buccinator | compresses cheek |
| sternocleidomastoid | flexes neck and rotates head |
| platysma | pulls corner of the mouth |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes humerus |
| rectus abdominus | flexes vertebral column |
| external oblique | flexes and rotates vertebral column |
| biceps branchii | flexes elbow and supinates forearm |
| branchialis | flexes elbow |
| deltoid | abducts arm |
| lliopsoas | flexes hip |
| adductor muscles | adduct thigh |
| sartiorius | flexes thigh on hip |
| quadriceps group | all extend knee |
| tibialis anterior | dorsiflexes and inverts foot |
| extensor digitorium longus | extends toes and dorsiflexes foot |
| fibularis muscles | plantar flex and evert foot |
| gastrocnemius | two bellied muscles that form the ecalf |
| soleus | fleshy muscle deep in the gastrocnemius |
| trapezius | the most superficial muscles of the posterior neck and upper trunk |
| deltiod | fleshy triangle shaped muscles that form the rounded shape of the shoulders |
Created by:
hoodedgalaxy172
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