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Anatomy Muscles
Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the ability of skeletal muscles to shorten the force | contractility |
| the capacity of skeletal muscle to repond to stimulus | excitability |
| the ability to stretch | extensibility |
| ther ability to recoil to original resting lenght and they have been stretched | elasticity |
| skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | epimysium |
| a connective tissue located outside the epimysium (surronds and seperates muscles) | fascia |
| muscle composed of numerous visible bundles called muscles fascicle | perimysium |
| fasiciculi composed of single muscle cells | fibers |
| fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath | andomysium |
| cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with ( threatlike structure that extends from one end of fiber to the other | myofibrils |
| thin myofilaments (resembles 2 minute strands of pearls twisted together) | actin myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments (resembles bundles of minute golf clubs) | myosin myofilaments |
| actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units | sarcomere |
| what extend from one zline to another | sarcomere |
| each side of zline is a light area called(actin) | I band |
| center of sarcomere is another light area(myosin) | H zone |
| myosin myofilaments areanchored in the center of sarcomere at a dark staining band | M line |
| charge difference across the membrane | resting membrane potential |
| brief reversal back of the charge | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers | motor neurons |
| branch that connect to muscle forms | neuromuslcular junction, synapse |
| single moter neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates | motor unit |
| enlarg nerve terminal | presynaptic terminal |
| space between presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell | synaptic cavity |
| muscle fiber is | postsynaptic terminal |
| presynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles | synaptic vesicles |
| synaptic vesicles secrete a neurotransmitter called | acetycholine |
| synaptic cliff between the neron and muscle cell is rapidly broken down by enzymes | acetylcholinesterase |
| occurs when actin and myosin slide past one another causeing sarcomere to shorten | muscle contractions |
| muscle fiber | postsybaptic terminal |
| sliding o actin myofilaments past myosin | sliding filaments mechanism |
| which band shorten | H and I bands |
| Which does not change length | A bands |
| contraction of and entire muscle in response to stimulus that causes action potential inone or more muscles | muscle twitch |
| muscle fiber wont respond to stimulus until reaches a leval called | threshold |
| phenomenon is called | all or none response |
| time between spplication of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of contraction | lag phase |
| time of contraction is the | contraction phase |
| time during which the muscle relaxes | relaxation phase |
| where muscle remains contracted without relaxing | tetany |
| increase number of motor units being activated | recruitment |
| needed for energy for muscle contraction | ATP |
| produced in the mitochondria | ATP |
| short lived and unstable | ATP |
| it is necessary for muscle cells to constantly produce | ATP |
| when at rest they cant stockpile ATP but they can store another high energy molecule called | creatine phosphate |
| without oxygen | anaerobic respirations |
| with oxygen | aerobic respirations |
| amount of oxygen needed in chemical reactions to convert lactic acid to glucose | oxygen debt |
| when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster then it can be produce in the muscles cells | muscle fatigue |
| equal distance | isometric |
| equal tension | isotonic |
| keeps head up back straight | muscle tone |
| contact quickly fatigue quickly (white meat of chicken) | fast twitch fibers |
| contracts more slowly and more resistant to fatigue (dark meat of chicken) | slow twitch fibers |
| (head) most stationary end of muscle | origin |
| end of muscle undergoing the greatest movement | insertion |
| portion of the muscle between the origin and the insertion | belly |
| what has multiple origins and heads | muscles |
| what are the 2 types of muscle contractions | isometric and isotonic |
| points of attachment of each muscle are its origin and insertion (attachment points the muscle is connected to the bone by tendon) | general principles |
| what are the 4 major functional characteristics | contractility excitability extensibility elasticity |
| what helps maintain body heat and keep normal body temperature | muscles |
| what are the 2 major kinds of protein fibers | actin & myosin myofilaments |
| what is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscles | sarcomere |
| A band extends the length of the | myosin |
| myosin myofilaments are anchored in the center of sarcomere at a dark staining can called | M line |
| outside of most cell membranes is positively charged compared to the inside of cell membrane (which is negatively charged) | membrane potential |
| when action potential reaches nerve terminal it causes synaptic vesicles to release | acetylochine |
| acetylochine releases into the synaptic cleft between the | neuron and muscle cell |
| once levels are reached in threshold, at which point the muscle fiber will contract | normally |
| if successive stimuli are given your get | successive twitches |
| muscles that work in opposition to one another | antagonists |
| muscles that work together to accomplish specific movements called | synergisrs |
| if one muscle plays the major role in accomplishing the desired movement is | prime mover |
Created by:
kait_rae11
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