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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| contractility | shorten with force |
| excitability | respond to a stimulus |
| extensibility | ability to be stretched |
| elasticity | recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched |
| epimysium | skeletal muscle surrounded by a connective tissue sheath |
| fascia | another connective located outside the epimysium |
| fascicle | muscle composed of numerous visible bundles |
| perimysium | surrounded by loose connective tissue |
| fibers | single muscle cells |
| muscle fiber | single cylindrical cell containing several nuclei |
| endomysium | connective tissue sheath |
| myofibrils | threadlike structure |
| 2 major kinds of protein fiber | actin - thin myosin - thick |
| actin and myosin form | sarcomeres |
| muscle twitch | contraction of an entire muscle |
| isometric | equal distance (holding ball) |
| isotonic | equal tension (throwing ball) |
| fast-twitch fibers | contract quickly and fatigue quickly (white meat of a chicken breast) |
| slow-twitch fibers | contract slowly (dark meat of a duck's breast or the legs of a chicken) |
| origin (head) | most stationary end of a muscle |
| insertion | end of muscle undergoing the greatest movement |
| belly | muscle between the origin and the insertion |
| synergists | work together to accomplish specific movments |
| antagonists | muscle that work in oppostion to one another |
| occipitofrontalis | raises the eyebrows |
| oribicularis oculi | closes eyelid (crow feet) |
| kissing muscles | orbicularis oris and buccinator |
| puckers the lips | orbicularis oris |
| flattens the cheeks | buccinator |
| zygomaticus | smiling muscle |
| levator labii superoris | sneering |
| depressor anguli oris | frowning |
| two mastication muscles | temporalis and masseter |
| mastication | chewing |
| sternocleidomastoid | rotates and extends the neck |
| intrinsic | changes shape of tongue |
| extrinsic | moves the tongue |
| external intercostals | elevate the ribs during inspiration |
| internal intercostals | contract during forced expiration |
| diaphragm | accomplishes quiet breathing |
| linea alba | tendinous area of the abdominal wall |
| tendinous inscriptions | cross the rectus abdominis at three or more location |
| trapezius | rotates scapula |
| serratus anterior | pulls scapula anteriorly |
| pectoralis major | adducts and flexes the arm |
| latissimus dorsi | medially rotates, adducts, and powerfully extends arm |
| deltoid | attaches the humerus to the scapula and clavicle |
| triceps brachii | extends the forearm |
| biceps brachii | flexes the forearm |
| brachioradialis | flexes and supinates the forearm |
| retinaculum (bracelet) | strong band of fibrous connective tissue |
| flexor carpi | flexes the wrist |
| extensor carpi | extends the wrist |
| flexor digitorum | flexes the fingers |
| extensor digitorum | extends the fingers |
| intrinsic hand muscles | 19 hand muscles |
| interossi | muscles, located between the metacarpals |
| gluteus maximus | buttocks |
| gluteus medius | hip muscle and common injection site |
| quadriceps femoris | extends the leg; anterior thigh muscles |
| sartorius | "tailors muscle" flexes the thigh |
| hamstring | posterior thigh muscles; flexes the leg and extends the thigh |
| gastrocnemius and soleus | forms the calf muscle |
| calcaneal tendons | flex the foot and toes |
| peroneus | turning the lateral side of the foot outwards |
| intrinsic foot | 20 muscles located within the foot |
| thoracic muscles | muscles that move the thorax |
| erector spinae | group of muscles on each side of the back |
| ATP (adenosine triphosphate) | needed for energy for muscle contraction |
| recruitment | the increase in number of motor units being activated |
| tetany | where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing |
| 2 types of muscle contactions | isometric and isotonic |
| anaerobic respiration | without oxygen |
| aerobic respiration | with oxygen |
| prime mover | a group of synergists |
Created by:
griffeneastham
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