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Muscles
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the 4 major characteristics of muscles? | contractility, excitability, extensibility, elasticity |
| The ability to shorten with force? | contractility |
| The capacity of skeletal muscle to respond to a stimulus? | excitability |
| The ability to be stretched? | extensibility |
| the ability to recoil to their original resting length after they have been stretched? | elasticity |
| Each skeletal muscle is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called? | epimysium |
| ________ is another connective tissue located outside the epimtsium. | Fasica |
| A muscle is composed of numerous visible bundles called muscle fasciculi(fascicle), which are surrounded by loose connective tissue called the __________. | perimysium |
| The fasciculi are composed of single muscle cells called _______. | fibers |
| Each fiber is surrounded by a connective tissue sheath called the ______________. | enomysium |
| The cytoplasm of each fiber is filled with _______. | myofibrils |
| Myofibrils consist of how many major kinds of protein fibers? | 2 |
| thin myofilaments | action myofilaments |
| thick myofilaments | myosin myofilaments |
| Actin and myosin myofilaments form highly ordered units called? | sarcomeres |
| What is the basic structural and functional unity of the muscle? | sarcomeres |
| The outside of most cell membranes is positively charged compared to the inside of the cell membrane is called ______________? | resting membrane potential |
| When a muscle cell is stimulated the membrane characteristics charge briefly, the brief reversal back of the charge is called ___________? | action potential |
| nerve cells that carry action potentials to skeletal muscle fibers. | motor neuron |
| Each branch that connects to the muscle forms a _________________. | neuromuscular junction |
| A single motor neuron and all the skeletal muscle fibers it innervates are called ____________? | motor units |
| The enlarged nerve terminal is the ____________? | presynaptic terminal |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle cell is the ______________? | synaptic cleft |
| The space between the presynaptic terminal and the muscle fiber is the ____________? | postsynaptic terminal |
| Each postsynaptic terminal contains _________? | synaptic vesicles |
| Each postsynaptic terminal contains synaptic vesicles that secrete a neurotransmitter called _________________? | acetylcholine |
| ___________ _________ occurs as action and myosin myofilaments slide past one another causing the sarcomeres to shorten. | Muscle Contraction |
| The sliding of action myofilaments slide past myosin myofilaments during contraction is called ____________ ________ _____________? | sliding filament mechanism |
| _________ ___________ is a contraction of an entire muscle in response to a stimulus that causes the action potential in one or more muscle fiber. | Muscle twitch |
| A muscle fiber will not respond to stimulus until that stimulus reaches a level called _________, at which point the muscle fiber will contract maximally. | threshold |
| The time between application of a stimulus to a motor neuron and the beginning of a contraction is the ____ ______. | lag phase |
| The time of a lag phase contraction is called _________ _______. | contraction phase |
| The time during which the muscle relaxes is the ___________ ______. | relaxation phase |
| _________ where the muscle remains contracted without relaxing. | Tetany |
| The increase in number of motor units being activated is called __________. | recruitment |
| What is needed for energy for the muscle? | ATP |
| What is ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| Where is ATP produced? | in the mitochondria |
| True or False, ATP is short lived | True |
| What is ADP | adenosine diphosphate |
| When muscle cells are at rest they can't stockpile ATP but they can store another high-energy molecule, called ______________ __________. | creatine phosphate |
| What means without Oxygen? | Anaerobic respiration |
| What means with Oxygen? | Aerobic respiration |
| The _______ ____ is the amount of amount Oxygen needed in a chemical reaction to convert lactic acid to glucose and to replenish the depleted stores of creatine phosphate stores in muscle cells | Oxygen debt. |
| What results when ATP is used during muscle contraction faster then it can be produced in the muscle cells? | Muscle fatigue |
| How many types of muscle contractions are there? | 2 |
| What are the the 2 types of muscle contraction? | isometric and isotonic |
| What does isometric mean? | the length of the muscle doesn't change, but the amount of tension increases |
| What's another way of describing isometric? | equal distance |
| What does isotonic mean? | the amount of tension produced by length of muscle changes |
| What's another was of describing isotonic? | equal tension |
| ________ _________ refers to constant tension produced by muscles of the body long periods of time | Muscle tone |
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austinsargent
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