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Anatomy Chapter 6
Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology - Chapter 6. Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| TWO MAIN LAYERS | EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS |
| EPIDERMIS | THE OUTMOST OR EPIDERMAL LAYER OF THE SKIN. A LAYER OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE. |
| DERMIS/CORIUM | THE LAYER THAT LIES DIRECTLY BENEATH THE EPIDERMIS. A LAYER OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT CONNECTS THE SKIN TO TISSUES BELOW IT. IT IS OFTEN REFERRED TO AS THE TRUE SKIN |
| SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER | A LAYER LOCATED BENEATH THE DERMIS. |
| EPIDERMIS COMPONENTS | STRATIFIED, SQUAMOUS, KERATINIZED EPITHELIAL CELLS |
| DESMOSOMES | INTERLOCKING CELLULAR LINKS THAT HELD TOGETHER THE EPIDERMIS COMPONENTES. RESPONSIBLE FOR THE UNIQUE FLEXIBILITY, ENTIRETY AND WHOLE CONTINUOUS STRUCTURE OF THE SKIN. |
| KERATINIZATION | PROCESS WHERE OLDER CELLS ARE PUSHED BY NEW CELLS AND EVENTUALLY DIE. |
| KERATIN | A PROTEIN MATERIAL. |
| STRATA OR STRATUM | DISTINCTIVE LAYERS OF THE EPIDERMIS |
| EPIDERMIS LAYERS | STRATUM CORNEUM, STRATUM LUCIDUM, STRATUM GRANULOSUM, STRATUM SPINOSUM, AND STRATUM GERMINATIVUM |
| STRATUM CORNEUM | THE STRATUM THAT FORMS THE OUTERMOST LAYER OF THE EPIDERMIS. IT FUNCTIONS AS A PHYSICAL BARRIER TO LIGHT AND HEAT WAVES, MICROORGANISMS AND MOST CHEMICALS. |
| CALLUS | A THICKENED ARED FORMED BY EXCESSIVE AMOUNT OF ABBRASION OR FRICTION. |
| CORNS | STRUCTURES PRODUCED BY ABRASION ON THE BONY PROMINENCES ON THE FOOT |
| STRATUM LUCIDUM | THE STRATUM THAT LIES DIRECTLY BENEATH THE STRATUM CORNEUM BUT IS DIFFICULT TO SEE IN THINNER SKIN. CELLS ARE TRANSPARENTS AND FLAT. |
| STRATUM GRANULOSUM | STRATUM THAT CONSIST OF TWO OR THREE LAYERS OF FLATTENED CELLS. IN THIS LAYER THE CELLS LOSE THEIR NUCLEI AND BECOME COMPACT AND BRITTLE |
| STRATUM SPINOSUM | STRATUM THAT CONSIST OF SEVERAL LAYERS OF PRICKLY OR SPINY-SHAPED CELLS THAT ARE POLYHEFRON IN STRUCTURE. |
| STRATUM GERMINATIVUM | STRATUM THAT IS THE DEEPEST AND MOST IMPORTANT LAYER OF THE SKIN BECAUSE IT CONTAINS THE ONLY CELLS OF THE EPIDERMIS THAT ARE CAPABLE OF DIVIDING BY MITOSIS |
| STRATUM BASALE | A BASAL LAYER THAT RESTS ON THE BASEMENT MEMBRANE |
| MELANOCYTES | CELLS THAT ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING SKIN COLOR. |
| MELANIN | PIGMENT PRODUCES BY MELANOCYTES. RESPONSIBLE FOR VARIATIONS IN SKIN PIGMENTATION. |
| ALBINISM | CONDITION WHERE ONE MUTATION CAUSES THE ABSENCE OF SKIN COLOR BY PREVENTING THE PRODUCTION OF MELANIN. |
| DERMIS COMPONENTES | BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES, LYMPH VESSELS, SMOOTH MUSCLES, SWEAT GLANDS, HAIR FOLLICLES, AND SEBACEOUS GLANDS. |
| DERMIS PORTIONS | PAPILLARY PORTION AND RETICULAR PORTION |
| PAPILLARY PORTION | PORTION THAT IS THE AREA ADJACENT TO THE EPIDERMIS |
| RETICULAR PORTION | PORTION THAT IS FOUND BETWEEN THE PAPILLARY PORTION AND THE FATTY SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE BENEATH. |
| HYPODERMIS OR SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE | TISSUE THAT ATTACHES THE DERMIS TO UNDERLYING STRUCTURES LIKE MUSCLE OR BONE. |
| CYANOSIS | A BLUISH DISCOLORATION OF SKIN |
| STRUCTURES OF SKIN | HAIR, NAILS, SEBACEOUS GLANDS, CERUMINOUS GLANDS, OR WAX GLANDS IN THE EAR CANAL AND SWEAT GLANDS. |
| HAIR | THE STRUCTURE OF SKIN THAT IF A MAIN CHARACTERISTIC OF MAMMALS. |
| HAIR COMPONENTES | THE CUTICLE, THE CORTEX, AND THE MEDULLA |
| CUTICLE | THE OUTERMOST PORTION OF THE HAIR |
| CORTEX | THE PRINCIPAL PORTION OF THE HAIR |
| MEDULLA | THE MIDDLE OR CENTRAL PART OF THE HAIR |
| SHAFT | THE VISIBLE PART OF THE HAIR |
| ROOT | FOUND IN AN EPIDERMAL TUBE CALLED THE HAIR FOLLICLE |
| HAIR FOLLICLE | TUBE WHERE IS FOUND THE ROOT OF THE HAIR |
| ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE | BUNDLE OF SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBERS ATTACHED TO THE HAIR FOLLICLE |
| NAILS | A MODIFICATION OF HORNY EPIDERMAL CELLS COMPOSED OF BERY HARD KERATIN. IT IS FOUND AT THE END OF FINGERS AND TOES |
| LUNULA | THE WHITE CRESCENT ATHE PROXIMAL END OF EACH NAIL |
| NAIL BODY | VISIBLE PART OF THE NAIL |
| NAIL ROOT | PART OF THE NAIL ATTACHED TO THE NAIL BED |
| NAIL BED | AREA THAT MAKED THE NAIL GROW |
| SEBACEOUS GLANDS | GLANDS THAT ARE DEVELOPED ALONG THE WALLS OF HAIR FOLLICLES AND PRODUCE SEBUM |
| SEBUM | AN OILY SUSBSTANCE THAT IS RESPONSIBLE FOR LUBRICATING THE SURFACE OF THE SKIN |
| SWEAT GLANDS | SIMPLE TUBULAR GLANDS FOUND IN MOST PARTS OF THE BODY. |
| SKIN FUNCTIONS | SENSATION, PROTECTION, THERMOREGULATION, AND SECRETION |
| SENSATION | RECEPTOR SITES IN THE SKIN DETECT CHANGES IN THE EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT FOR TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE. |
| PROTECTION | IT PREVENTS PASSAGE OF HARMFUL PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL AGENTS. |
| THERMOREGULATION | REGULATES THE BODY TEMPERATURE BY BLOOD VESSEL DILATION AND CONSTRICTION IN THE DERMIS OF THE SKIN; SWEATIN IS AN EVAPORATION PROCESS THAT COOLS THE BODY |
| SECRETION | PRODUCTION OF TWO SECRETION: SEBUM AND SWEAT. |
| FIRST-DEGREE BURN | INVOLVE JUST THE EPIDERMIS |
| SECOND-DEGREE BURN | INVOLVE BOTH EPIDERMIS AND DERMIS CAUSING REDNESS, PAIN, SWELLING, AND BLISTERS |
| THIRD-DEGREE BURN | THE EPIDERMIS AND THE DERMIS ARE COMPLETELY DESTROYED |
| BASAL CELL CARCINOMA | THE MOST COMMON TYPE OF SKIN CANCER |
| SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA | THE FIRST DANGEROUS TYPE OF SKIN CANCER |
| MALIGNANT MELANOMA | THE MOST DANGEROUS TYPE OF SKIN CANCER |
| RINGWORM | CAUSED BY SEVERAL SPECIES OF FUNGUS |
| PSORIASIS | CHRONIC SKIN DISORDER CHARACTERIZED BY RED PATCHES COVERED WITH THICK, DRY, AND SILVERY SCALES |
| WARTS | CAUSED BY HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS |
| COLD SORES | KNOWN AS FEVER BLISTERS, CAUSED BY TYPE I HERPES |
| IMPETIGO | HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS SKIN DISEASE OF CHILDREN CAUSED BY THE BACTERIUM STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS |
| SHINGLES | CAUSED BY THE CHICKENPOX VIRUS |
| VITILIGO | SKIN DISEASE RESULTING IN IRREGULAR PATCHES OF SKIN |
| MOLES | PRODUCES BY GROUPING OF MELANOCYTES |
| ALOPECIA | LOSS OF HAIR, COMMONLY KNOWN AS BALDNESS |
| CHICKENPOX | CAUSED BY THE VIRUS VARICELLA ZOSTER |
| POISON IVY DERMATITIS | CAUSED BY CONTACT WITH CHEMICAL POISONS |
| PAPULE | SKIN LESION THAT IS SOLID, SMALL ELEVATION |
| MACULE | SKIN LESION THAT IS FLAT, SMALL DISCOLORATION |
| WHEAL | SKIN LESION WITH A PALE OR REDDENED ELEVATION |
| FURUNCLE OR BOIL | SKIN LESION CAUSED BY A STAPHYLOCOCCUS INFECTION OF HAIR FOLLICLE |
| PUSTULE | SKIN LESION WITH A SMALL ELEVATION OF THE SKIN |
| CYST | ENCAPSULATED SAC IN THE DERMIS OR UNDER THE SKIN |
| PARONYCHIA | OCCURS WHEN THE FOLD OF SKIN AT THE EDGE OF THE NAIL BECOMES INFECTED |
| ONYCHOMYCOSIS | FUNGAL INFECTION OF THE NAIL RESULTING IN DRY, THICKENED, AND BRITTLE NAILS |
| ONYCHOCRYPTOSIS | KNOWN AS AN INGROWN TOENAIL |
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