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Muscle I/O/A

Muscle insertions, origins, and actions

QuestionAnswer
Quadratus Lumborum :Origin Iliac crest and iliolumbar ligaments
Quadratus Lumborum :Insertion Last rib and the transverse processes of the upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
Quadratus Lumborum :Action Bilateral (together) they depress the ribs; one side alone produces ipsilateral flexion or stabilizes the pelvis when the ipsilateral foot is off the floor
Scalenes(anterior,middle,posterior): Origin Transverse and costal processes of C2-C7
Scalenes (anterior,middle): Insertion superior part of rib 1
Scalenes (posterior) :Insertion superior surface of 2nd rib
Scalenes (acting from above):Action (bilateral)elevates the ribs
Scalenes (acting from below):Action (bilateral)forward flex neck; one side alone contract to ipsilaterally flex the neck
Splenius Capitus and Cervicus:Origin lower half of the lig. nuchae; spinous processes of the 7th cervical and upper 6 thoracic vertebrae
Splenius Capitus and Cervicus:Insertion mastoid process of the temporal and adjacent parts of the occipital bones; transverse processes of the upper 3 cervical vertebrae
Splenius Capitus and Cervicus:Action (bilateral)extension and hyper extension of neck, supports head erect; one side lateral flexion and ipsilateral rotation
External Abdominal Oblique:Origin external and inferior borders of the ribs 5-12
External Abdominal Oblique:Insertion via the aponeuronsis of the rectus abdominus to the linea alba from the ribs to the pubis, and anterior 1/2 of the iliac crest
External Abdominal Oblique:Action (B) compress the abdomen and flex the trunk one side works with the contralateral internal oblique, acting from above contralaterally rotates and flexes the lumbar vertebra to lift the pelvis, acting from below contralaterally rotates and flexes the trunk
Transverse Abdominus:Origin catilages of the inferior 6 ribs, iliac crest, dorsal thoracolumbar fascia and the inguinal ligament
Transverse Abdominus:Insertion Linea alba and pubic crest
Transverse Abdominus:Action compresses the abdominal contents
Coccygeus:Origin tip of the ischial spine
Coccygeus:Insertion coccyx and the 5th sacral segment, lateral and inferior borders of the sacrum
Coccygeus:Action flexes the coccyx and coccygeal vertebrae, acts with the posterior fibers of the levator ani to support the pelvic organs, retract and elevate the anus
Pubococcygeus:Origin inner margins of the pubis
Pubococcygeus:Insertion coccyx and median raphe (lig. where (B) muscles attach to each other)
Pubococcygeus:Action assits iliococcygeus and coccygeus to elevate and retract the anus; medial fibers form the pubovaginalis and puboanalis aact as the sphincter urethrae
Levator Scapulae:Origin transverse processes of C1-C4
Levator Scapulae:Insertion vertebral border between the medial and superior angle
Levator Scapulae:Action(1) acting from above it downwardly rotates as it elevates the scapula, the weight of the arm makes rotation more prominent in the erect posture; may act synergistically to decrease upward rotation or as a force couple with the rhomboids in downward rotation;
Levator Scapulae:Action(2) acting from below (bilateral) they hyperextend the neck, one sided it ipsilaterally flexes and hyperextends the neck
Serratus Anterior:Origin outer surface or upper 9 ribs at the side of the chest
Serratus Anterior:Insertion anterior surface of the upper vertebral border through inferior angle of the scapula
Serratus Anterior:Action Upper 1-4,5 bands attaching to the upper vertebral border ABd the scapula, lower bands(4,5-9) attaching to the inferior angle upwardly rotate; together they function to hold the vertebral border of the scapula against the ribs ( reducing "winging")
Rhomboidus Major:Origin spinous process of T2-T5 (or T1-T4)
Rhomboidus Major:Insertion vertebral border of the scapular form the spine to the inferior angle
Rhomboidus Major:Action downward rotation of the scapula; acts as a force couple with Trapezius 3 to adduct the scapula
Trapezius 1:Origin Occipital bone & upper ligamentum nuchae
Trapezius 2:Origin ligamentum nuchae
Trapezius 3:Origin T1-T4
Trapezius 4:Origin T5-T12
Trapezius 1:Insertion lateral and posterior 1/3rd of the clavicle
Trapezius 2:Insertion top of the acromion process
Trapezius 3:Insertion upper margin of the spine of the scapula
Trapezius 4:Insertion root of the spine of the scapula
Trapezius 1:Action (bilateral) from above, elevate the shoulder girdle; (B) from below, hyperextend the neck
Trapezius 2:Action joins with trap 4 to upwardly rotate the scapula; assist ADd
Trapezius 3:Action ADduction of scapula
Trapezius 4:Action upward rotation of the scapula with trap 2; alone-depress the scapula; assist ADd
Deltoid Anterior:Origin Outer 1/3rd of the anterior surface of the clavicle (spindle shaped muscle)
Deltoid Middle:Origin Acromion process and end of clavicle (multipennate)
Deltoid Posterior:Origin Lower margin of the scapular spine (spindle shaped)
Deltoid Anterior:Action assist in flexion and horizontal adduction (HaDd) of the shoulder
Deltoid Middle:Action Abduction of the shoulder
Deltoid Posterior:Action assist in extension/hyperextension (HaBd) of the shoulder
Deltoid Anterior, Middle, Posterior: Insertion Deltoid tuberosity of the humerus
Pronator Quadratus:Origin Anteriomedial surface of the distal 1/4th of the ulna
Pronator Quadratus:Insertion Anteriomedial surface of the distal 1/4th of the radius
Pronator Quadratus:Action pronates the forearm
Gluteus Medius:Origin Posterior surface of ilium between crest, posterior gluteal line and anterior gluteal line
Gluteus Medius:Insertion oblique ridge and dorso-lateral surface of the greater trochanter
Gluteus Medius:Action ABd w/gluteus minimus; posterior fibers ER
Iliopsoas(Psoas Major):Origin sides and bodies of the vertebrae and the inter-vertebral cartilages of last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae; front and lower borders of transverse processes of lumbar vertebae
Iliopsoas(Iliacus):Origin anterior surface of ilium and base of sacrum
Iliopsoas(Iliacus):Insertion with psoas major on the lesser trochanter of femur and for a short distance below along the medial border of the shaft
Iliopsoas(Iliacus):Action from above, flexion of the thigh on the trunk; from below, flexion of the trunkon the thighs when in supine lying or in any postion against resistance; probably helps to stabilize hip during standing
Tensor Fasciae Latae:Origin Anterior part of outer lip of iliac crest and outer surface of anterior superior iliac spine
Tensor Fasciae Latae:Insertion Iliotibial tract of fasciae latae on lateral anterior aspect of thigh, about 1/3rd down
Tensor Fasciae Latae:Action IR; ABd ( action under debate); tenses iliotibial band stabilizing lateral knee
Bicep Femoris (Long head):Origin lower and medial impression of the tuberosity of the ischium
Bicep Femoris (Long head):Insertion lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Bicep Femoris (Long head):Action from below, extension at hip: from above, flexion of knee
Bicep Femoris (Short head):Origin lower 1/2 if the lateral aspect if the linea aspera
Bicep Femoris (Short head):Insertion lateral side of head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
Bicep Femoris (Short head):Action knee flexion; ER of knee when knee is non-weight bearing and flexed
Tibialis Anterior:Origin lateral condyle and upper 2/3rds if the lateral surface of tibia
Tibialis Anterior:Insertion plantar surface of base of the 1st metatarsal and medial surface of 1st cuneiform
Tibialis Anterior:Action dorsi-flexion of ankle; force couple with posterior tibilalis for inversion and supination (ADd & INV) of foot
Created by: fabianj
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