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Unit 1 terms
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Renaissance | a rebirth of art and literature that began in Italy and spread to northern Europe between the 14th and 17th century |
| Johann Gutenberg | A 15th century inventor who combined many existing technologies to create the printing press. This device would revolutionize how information was spread. |
| Machiavelli | The father of modern political theory, Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli, was born in florance, saw the troubles of the French invasion (1493), |
| Reformation | A movement of reforming the Catholic Church begun by Martin Luther that began when Luther nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the church in Wittenberg. |
| Catholic reformation | In reaction to the Protestant Reformation, the Catholic Church enacted policies meant to unify the Church. This movement was lead by Ignatius of Loyola, Pope Paul III, and Pope Paul IV. |
| ottoman | Followers of Osman were known as Ottomans. They created a powerful Sunni Muslim empire in Anatolia that eventually included lands in Africa, Asia, and Europe. |
| suleyman the lawgiver | Suleyman was the greatest Ottoman sultan. He expanded the empire into Europe, Africa, and the Middle East. He created a single law code for the empire, and led it into a cultural golden age. |
| cultural blending | When two or more cultures mix goods, and cultural. There are 4 types of blending, conquest...trade...religious freedom...migration |
| taj mahal | This Mughal monument was built by Shah Jahan as a tomb for his wife. It is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. |
| mughal | Mughal is the Persian-Indian word for "Mongol". Babur, a descendent of Genghis Khan and Timur the Lame, wanted to reestablish the Mongol Empire in India. |
| prince henry the navigator | Henry was the son of Portugal's king, John I. He encouraged his father to conquer the Muslim city of Cueta in North Africa, and he founded a navigation school that would make Portugal a naval power. |
| treaty of tordesillas | This treaty signed by Spain and Portugal in 1497 divided the world between the two nations. All lands west of the Line of Demarcation belonged to Spain, and all lands east of it belonged to Portugal. |
| zheng he | He led the massive fleet of Ming ships that sailed throughout Asia demanding tribute. His treasure ships were over 400 ft. long, and the fleet included 40-300 ships. |
| tokugawa shogunate | One of Hideyoshi's strongest allies, Tokugawa would complete the unification of Japan. He became shogun in 1603 and moved the capital to Edo. The shogunate would hold power till 1867 and would enforce a isolationist policy. |
| haiku | Haiku are a form of Japanese poetry that uses a 5-7-5 syllable, 3-line form. These poems were a new form of art developed under the Tokugawa Shogunate. |
| conquistador | Lured by rumors of gold and silver, these conquerors carved up the New World into colonies for the Spanish crown. |
| encomienda | This system was used by the Spanish to oppress and subjugate native peoples. Natives were forced to farm, ranch, or mine for the Spanish, who had "promised" to treat the Indians fairly. |
| Hernan cortes | In 1519, he landed in Mexico with 600 conquistadors. Using superior weaponary and alliances with small tribes, Cortes was able to defeat the Aztec Empire. |
| jamestown | This was the first permanent English settlement in North America. Named for King James, this colony would begin the flood of English colonists that would reach the shores of the New World. |
| atlantic slave trade | The enterprise known as the Atlantic slave trade involved the buying and selling of Africans for work in the Americas. By the time it ended, around 9.5 million Africans had been sent to the Americas. |
| triangular trade | A transatlantic trade network that carried raw goods, manufactured resources, and slaves between North America, Europe, and Africa. |
| Columbian exchange | The global transfer of foods, plants, animals, and diseases during the colonization of the Americas is known as the Columbian Exchange. This exchange greatly impacted the ecological diversity of the entire world. |
| joint-stock company | In order to minimize the risk of an American colony, people would combine their wealth for the common purpose of establishing a colony. This lowered the risk of losing their money, and provided enough funds to be successful. Jamestown is an example. |
| mercantilism | The theory that a country's power depended mainly on its wealth, which is used to build navies and purchase goods. The |
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