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12 GOV Vocab CH 18
American Government Study material for Vocab CH 18
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Jurisdiction | The authority of a court to hear a case. |
| exclusive jurisdiction | Power of the federal courts alone to hear certain cases |
| concurrent jurisdiction | Power shared by federal and State courts to hear certain cases. |
| plaintiff | In civil law, the party who brings a suit or some other legal action against another (the defendant) in court. |
| Defendant | In a civil suit, the person against whom a court action is brought by the plaintiff; in a criminal case, the person charged with the crime. |
| original jurisdiction | The power of a court to hear a case first, before any other court. |
| appellate jurisdiction | The authority of a court to review decisions of inferior (lower) courts |
| criminal cases | A case in which a defendant is tried for committing a crime as defined by the law. |
| civil cases | A case involving a noncriminal matter such as a contract dispute or a claim of patent infringement. |
| Docket | A court’s list of cases to be heard. |
| writ of certiorari | An order by a higher court directing a lower court to send up the record in a given case for review |
| certificate | A method of putting a case before the Supreme Court; used when a lower court is not clear about the procedure or rule of law that should apply in a case and asks the Supreme Court to certify the answer to a specific question. |
| majority opinion | Officially called the Opinion of the Court; announces the Court’s decision in a case and sets out the reasoning upon which it is based. |
| precedent | Court decision that stands as an example to be followed in future, similar cases. |
| concurring opinion | Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who support a decision reached by a majority of the court, but wish to add or emphasize a point that was not made in the majority decision. |
| dissenting opinion | Written explanation of the views of one or more judges who disagree with (dissent from) a decision reached by a majority of the court |
| redress | Satisfaction of a claim payment. |
| civilian tribunal | A court operating as part of the judicial branch,entirely separate from the military establishment. |
| court-martial | A court composed of military personnel, for the trial of those accused of violating military law. |
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