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Tissues A&P
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is a gene? | DNA segment that carries a blueprint for building one protein |
| What are the functions of a protein? | Build materials for cells and act as enzymes |
| What is essential for protein synthesis to occur? | RNA |
| Tissues | Groups of cells with similar structure and functions |
| What are the four primary types of tissues? | Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, Nervous |
| Where are epithelial tissues located? | Body coverings, Body linings, Glandular tissue |
| What are the functions of epithelial tissues? | Protection, Absorption, Filtration, Secretion |
| What are characteristics of epithelial tissues? | Cells fit close together, apical surface is the free surface, lower surface rests on basement membrane, avascular, regenerate easily |
| Simple Epithelia | One layer |
| Stratified Epithelia | More than one layer |
| Squamous | Flat cell |
| Cuboidal | Cube-shaped cell |
| Columnar | Column-like cell |
| Simple Squamous | Single layer of flat cells, lines body cavities and lungs |
| Serous Membrane (serosae) | Slick membranes covering organs in the ventral cavity |
| Simple Cuboidal | Single layer of cube-like cells, found in glands and their ducts |
| Simple Columnar | Single layer of column-like cells, lines digestive tract |
| Pseudostratified Columnar | Single layer but some cells shorter than others |
| Stratified Squamous | Found as protective covering where friction is common; skin, mouth, esophagus |
| Stratified Cuboidal | Two layers of cuboidal cells |
| Stratified Columnar | Surface cells are columnar but vary in shape and size |
| Transitional Epithelium | Shape of cells depend on the amount of stretching, lines organs in urinary system |
| Gland | One or more cells responsible for secreting a particular product |
| Secretion | Active process in which the glandular cells obtain needed materials form the blood |
| What are two major gland types? | Endocrine, Exocrine |
| Endocrine gland | Ductless since secretions diffuse into blood vessels |
| Exocrine gland | Secretions empty through ducts to the epithelial surface |
| Connective Tissue | Binds body tissues together, protects the body, and provides protection |
| Extracellular Matrix | Non-living material that surrounds living cells |
| What are two main elements of the Extracellular Matrix? | Ground Substance and Fibers |
| What are three types of fibers? | Collagen, Elastic, Reticular |
| Vascular | Good blood supply |
| Avascular | Poor blood supply |
| Bone tissue | Used to protect and support the body |
| Hyaline Cartilage | Most common type of cartilage composed of collagen fibers |
| Elastic Cartilage | Provides elasticity |
| Fibrocartilage | Forms cushion like discs between vertebrae |
| Dense Connective tissue | Main matrix element is collagen fiber |
| Tendons | Attach skeletal muscle to bone |
| Ligaments | Attach bone to bone at joints |
| Areolar tissue | soft, pliable tissue like "cobwebs" that functions as a packing tissue |
| Adipose tissue | Insulates the body, protects some organs, and serves as site for fuel storage |
| Reticular connective tissue | Delicate network of interwoven fibers that forms stroma of lymphoid organs |
| Blood tissue | Blood cells surrounded by fluid matrix called blood plasma |
| Muscle tissue | Function is to produce movement |
| What are three types of muscle tissue? | Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth |
| Skeletal muscle | Under voluntary control, contracts to pull on bones or skin |
| What are the characteristics of skeletal muscle cells? | Striated, multinucleate, long and cylindrical |
| Cardiac muscle | Under involuntary control, function is to pump blood |
| What are the characteristics of cardiac muscle cells? | Cells are attached to other cardiac muscles at intercalated disks, striated, one nucleus per cell |
| Smooth muscle | Under involuntary control, found in walls of hollow organs |
| What are the characteristics of smooth muscle cells? | No visible striations, one nucleus per cell, spindle-shaped |
| Nervous tissue | Send impulses to other areas of the body |
| Regeneration | Replacement of destroyed tissue by the same kind of cells |
| Fibrosis | Repair by dense (fibrous) connective tissue (scar tissue) |
| What are the events in tissue repair? | Capillaries become very permeable, formation of granulation tissue, and regeneration of surface epithelium |
| What tissues regenerate easily? | Epithelial, fibrous connective, and bone tissues |
| What tissue regenerates poorly? | Skeletal muscle |
| What tissues are replaced largely by scar tissue? | Cardiac muscle and nervous tissue |
Created by:
michael04
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