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ST240 Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Two Principal Divisions of Nervous System | peripheral and central |
| Part of neuron that carries impulses to the cell body | dendrites |
| part of neuron that carries impulses away from cell body | axon |
| types of neurons that carry impulses away from the brain and spinal cord | motor / efferent |
| types of neurons that carry impulses to the brain and spinal cord | sensory / afferent |
| interneurons connect | none of the above |
| cells that produce myelin for the cells of the brain and spinal cord | oligodendrocytes |
| cells that are important in the blood brain barrier | astrocytes |
| cells that produce myelin outside the brain and spinal cord | Schwann cells |
| synapse is | a gap between neurons, crossed by a chemical, separates the axon end of the neuron and the dendrite of the next |
| vital centers (ex. respiratory) are located in | medulla oblongata |
| coordination of muscle movement and the maintenance of equilibrium | cerebellum |
| the right and the left sides of the cerebrum are connected by the | corpus callosum |
| tough outer layer of the meninges | dura mater |
| an efferent neuron carries impulses in the direction opposite of | both sensory and afferent |
| the lobe of the brain that deals with the vision | occipital |
| Which nervous system makes up part of the autonomic nervous system | both the parasympathetic and sympathetic |
| Which nervous system dominates the control of effector organs under normal, everyday conditions | parasympathetic nervous system |
| portion of the neuron that receives information | dendrites |
| the fluid portion of blood | plasma |
| term that refers to the formation of red blood cells | erythropoiesis |
| universal donors have what blood type | O |
| the use of one's own blood for the purpose of transfusion during a surgical procedure is | autologous |
| thrombocytes are also known as | platelets |
| what organ breaks down and removes old RBC's | spleen |
| pulmonary vein returns oxygen-rich blood | left atrium |
| innermost layer of the heart | endocardium |
| pacemaker of the heart | SA sinoartrial node |
| outermost layer of the heart | visceral pericardium and epicardium |
| blood vessels that carry blood toward the heart | veins |
| tricuspid valve is located between | right atrium and right ventricle |
| right side of the heart | deals with oxygen-poor blood |
| first blood vessel of systemic circulation | aorta |
| heart is supplied with blood by | arteries that branch directly from the aorta |
| correct sequence for the conducting system | sinoatrial node, AV node, AV bundle and purkinje fibers |
| last blood vessel of pulmonary circulation | pulmonary vein |
| heart is located | left of the midline of the sternum |
| when the left ventricle contracts, it pushes blood through a valve to the | aorta |
| medical term for the heart presenting on the right side of the thorax | dextrocardia |
| the _______ is the outer most layers of the heart | parietal pericardium |
| lub is the closing of and dub is the closing of | cuspid valves, semilunar valves |
| what is the medical term for a heart attack | myocardio infarction |
| _____________ is the volume of blood ejected from one ventricle with each beat | stroke volume |
| in fetal circulation, __________ is the connection between the two (2) atriums | foramen ovale |
| examples of laryngospasms except | coughing, choking and turning blue |
| what is another term for spinal anesthesia | intrathecal |
| naming category not used in a health care setting | street name |
| LSD would be placed in which classification of controlled substances | class 1 |
| period of time during which the drug is at it's maximum effectiveness | peak effect |
| the breakdown of metabolism | metabolites |
| the study of the process of the drug as it passes through the | pharmacokinetics |
| how are most drugs absorbed by the body | passive transport |
| which of the following is NOT a drug administration route | biodegradable |
| what is the medical term for normal breathing | eupnea |
| phases of anesthesia except | post induction |
| during which phase of general anesthesia would the risk of aspiration be the greatest | induction |
| a route of administration that is given into the subarachnoid space | intrathecal |
| reason to perform a specific procedure or prescribe a certain drug | indication |
| what is the topical agent used by peripheral vascular and neurosurgeons to dilate blood vessels | papaverine HCI |
| placed under tongue | sublingual |
| treats malignant hyperthermia | dantrolene |
| in pharmacokinetics, metabolism is also called | biotransformation |
| nontraditional type of anesthesia in US | acupuncture |
| drugs which begin with a natural substance that is then chemically altered | semisynthetic |
| examples of regional anesthesia except | monitored anesthesia care |
| which anatomical organ does biotransformation of drugs most often take place | liver |
| widely accepted list of safety measures is entitles the six ______ of Medication administration | rights |
| route of administration that is given between the layers of the skin | dermal |
| what is the primary cause of malignant hyperthermia | overdose of succinylcholine |
| both organisms benefit from each other | mutualism |
| most HAI's are the cause of | UTIs |
| indigenous microflora is often referred to as | opportunistic |
| neutralism is a sub category of | commensalism |
| a microbe that produces waste products that are toxic to other microbes | antagonism |
| one organism benefits but the host neither benefits or is harmed | commensalism |
| one organism benefits but the other is harmed | parasitism |
| a mutualistic bacteria that aids in the host in blood clot formation | E. coli |
| HAIs are commonly referred to as | nosocomial |
| synergism is a subcategory | mutualism |
| which term means the number of microbes or amount of organic debris on an object at any given time | bioburden |
| which of the following chemicals is a high-level disinfectant when items are immersed for 20-30 mins and a sterilant if items remain immersed for 10 hours | glutaraldyhyde |
| which part of the instrument reprocessing cycle is performed intraoperatively | wiping with sterile water |
| what is the type of process the ultrasonic cleaner uses to dislodge minute particles of soil and organic debris | cavitation |
| which type of packaging system has filters and removable locking devices | rigid containers |
| what is the weight the AAMI say not to exceed | 25 pounds |
| which of the following is the type of dating system that denotes the number of the calendar day in 1 through 265/266 | julian |
| which sterilization method is most commonly used, safest, least expensive, and appropriate for the majority of surgical instruments | saturated steam |
| biological indicator for the steam sterilization method | geobacillus stearothermophilus |
| contamination caused by passage of microorganisms through a sterilized package by way of moisture wicking is termed | strike-through |
| which sterilization method presents the greatest exposure risk to CSPD personnel, is expensive and requires the longest total cycle time | ethylene oxide |
| cidex is the trade name for | glutaraldyhyde |
| distance of wrapper from edge | 1 in away edge |
| what term refers to a barrier that does not allow passage of liquid | impervious |
| two types of cells in the nervous system | neurons and glia cells |
| indentations between Schwann cells | Nodes of Ranvier |
| white mater has | myelin sheath |
| important in regulating body temperature | hypothalamus |
| deepest grooves in the cerebrum | fissures |
| peripheral nervous system consists of _____ cranal nerves and _____ spinal nerves | 12 pairs, 31 pairs |
| fight or flight response | sympathetic |
| normal, everyday response | parasympathetic |
| layers of the meninges | dura mater, pia mater and arachnoid |
| how many cranial nerves | 24 |
| the protein that is necessary for the transport of oxygen molecules to cells in the body | hemoglobin |
| other names for cuspid valve | mitral valve, bicuspid valve, LVA left atrioventricular valve |
| blunt point of the heart | apex |
| medical procedure where a vein from another part of the body is used to go around a blocked artery in the heart | CABG |
| involved in the contraction of the ventricles | bundle of His and purkinje fibers |
| type of wrapper that is compatible with hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization method | Tyvek |
| relationship between steam pressure and steam sterilizer | increased pressure increased temperature |
| physical or chemical process by which all living microorganisms, including spores, are killed | sterilization |
| term for inanimate objects that harbor microorganisms that contribute to environmental contamination | fomites |
| which of the following would be appropriate for use on animate surfaces | antiseptic |
| not a classification for patient care items | hypercritical |
| noncritical patient care items | pulse oximeters |
| term for surg tech's skin after surgical scrub | surgically clean |
| type of chemical solution made of catalysts that aid in breaking down proteinaceous debris such as blood and fat | enzymatic |
| common name for high-level sodium hypochlorite | bleach |
| another name for intermediate-level disinfectant phenol | carbolic acid |
| appropriate for surgical instruments covered with bioburden during a surgery | sterile water |
| term for case over and clean room for next case | turnover |
| types of instruments must be cleaned with bristle-brushes on wires, etc | suction tip lumens |
| term for the process of lubricating stainless steel instruments | milking |
| type of surgical instrument that should never be immersed | powered |
| before opening package must check for | integrity |
| acceptable position of ST with gowned and gloved | clasped in front at waist level |
| sterile to sterile personnel should never pass | front to back |
| nonsterile person should approach field while maintaining distance of | 12 inches away |
| most important factor for the ST to always maintain | strict surgical conscience |
| replaced previous system and is now used today | event related |
| method of sterilization uses gamma rays or beta particles | ionizing radiation |
| biological indicator for hydrogen peroxide gas plasma | bacillus atropheaus |
| Bowie-Dick test is performed for which | prevaccum air removal steam |
| should never be processed by immediate-use sterilization | implantable devices |
| quality control device that turns paper black | chemical indicator |
| steam biological indicator should be incubated for | 24 hours |
| the advantage for using ethylene oxide | it is safe for heat and moisture sensitive items |
| method of chemical sterilization has limitations based on the challenge of diffusion into narrow lumens | hydrogen peroxide gas plasma |
| why are instruments placed in perforated trays | penetration of sterilant |
| wound that is not sutured and that gradually fills in by granulation heals by | second intention |
| techniques of eliminating dead space except | electrical nerve stimulation |
| postop complication that most be operated immediately | evisceration |
| phase of healing that starts within minutes of first intention | inflammatory |
| name of a raised, hypertrophic scar | keloid |
| greatest strength tissue layer | fascia |
| term for the removal of foreign material | debridement |
| evisceration of an abdominal wound is | protrusion of the viscera |
| type of healing that occurs with good approximation and ideal surgical conditions | first |
| if tissue is approximated to tightly | ischemia |
| primary union wound healing occurs | side to side |
| inflammation is | a normal response of the body |
| class 1 wound | no breaks in technique |
| wound classification for vaginal hysterectomy | class 2 |
| purulent wound treated by debridement and placement of medicated packing, then sutured after resolution of the infection heals by | third intention |
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vero0920
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