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Study for Exam2
Anatomy and Physiology
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where can one find Cutaneous membrane? | covers body surfaces that are exposed to the external environment. |
| The largest most common body membrane is the? | Cutameous |
| Where can one find the Serous Membrane? | Lining cavities, but are not open to the external environment and cover the organs inside these cavities. |
| Where can one find the Mucous membrane? | Lining respiratory, digestive, urinary, and productive tracts-opened to the exterior |
| What category of membrane does Serous fall under? | Epithelial Membrane |
| Which category of membranes does Mucous fall under? | Epithelial Membrane |
| Which category of membranes does Cutaneous membranes fall under | Epithelial Membrane |
| Which category do synovial membranes fall under? | Connective tissue membranes. |
| What's the primary function of glandular Epithelium? | Secretion of chemicals from cell or gland |
| The following are functions of the membranous epithelium EXCEPT? A. Secretion B. Protection C. Absorption D. All are functions of the membranous epithelium | They all are |
| General functions of connective tissue include the following EXCEPT: A. Connect B. Support C. Transport D. Secrete | C. Transport |
| Which of the following is another name for skeletal muscle? | Striated involuntary |
| Thin tissue layers that cover surfaces, line cavities, and divide spaces of organs are known as? | Membranes |
| Synovial membrane can be found in... | Connective tissue that lines cavities in certain joints |
| The respiratory, digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts are all lined with this membrane... | Mucous |
| What membranes line and protect organs that open to the outside of the body? | Mucous |
| What's the purpose of connective tissues? | To hold organs together |
| The skin is a ______ membrane | Cutaneous |
| The most important function of the integument is to... | protect |
| The loose layer of skin that lies under the dermis of the skin and is rich in fat and areolar tissue is called the... | hypodermis |
| The outer layer of the cartilage is called the... | Perichondrium |
| What cartilage is the external ear made of? | Elastic |
| What cartilage is the epiglottis made of? | Elastic |
| What cartilage is the auditory tubes made of? | Elastic |
| What is responsible for the formation of blood cells? | Red bone marrow |
| T/F The four major types of tissues of the body appear in early development of the embryo | ?T? False |
| Do skeletal or striated muscle attach to bones? | Yes they do |
| T/F Tissues and membranes do not help maintain homestasis | False |
| What's is the function of Langerhans/dendritic cells? | Bodies immune response. |
| The membrane that lines the wall of the abdominal cavity is... | Parietal Peritoneum |
| Ductless glands, exam thyroid gland, that produce hormones are called... | Endocrine |
| Where does the Pericardium surround? | The heart |
| What is the membrane that lines the spaces between the bones and joints called? | Synovial membrane |
| The membrane that helps to reduce friction between opposing surfaces in a movable joint is called: | Synovial membrane |
| In which area of the body does one expect to find an especially thick stratum? | The sole of the feet |
| All of the following are found in the epidermal layer of the skin except: A. Nerves B. Melanin C. Blood vessels D. Sweat glands | C. Blood vessels |
| ______ Is special connecting and coordinating cells that surround neurons. | Neuroglia |
| The epithelium that is grouped in solid cords and hollow follicle and form the secretory units of endocrine glands is called... | Glandular epithelium |
| The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and surrounds the lungs is the: A. Pleura B. Viscera C. Serosa D. Mesentery | A. Pleura |
| The membrane that lines the ducts and passageways of the respiratory, digestive, and other tracts is the: A. Serous membrane B. Cutaneous membrane C. Mucus membrane D. Mucus and serous membrane | C. Mucus membrane |
| When blood calcium is below the set point level, which hormone is responsible for its replenishment? A. Estrogen B. Parathyroid hormone C. Progesterone D. Calcitonin | B. Parathyroid hormone |
| What is the extracellular matrix made out of? | proteins, proteoglycans, and water. |
| List the four functions of the epithelial tissue: | Answer may include any three of the following: protection, sensory functions, secretion, absorption, and excretion. |
| How do exocrine glands secrete their products? | Exocrine glands discharge their secretion products into ducts. |
| Name three kinds of fibers that may be present in a connective tissue ECM. Of what are they made of? | Collagenous fibers: white fibers made up of collagen and often occurring in bundles. Reticular fibers: made up of a specialized type of collagen called reticulin. Elastic fibers: made up of a protein called elastin. |
| Name four types of fibrous connective tissue and briefly describe each: | Loose connective tissue, Adipose connective tissue, Reticular connective tissue,Dense connective tissue. |
| Connective tissue #1 Loose connective tissue: | : stretchable, and one of the most widely distributed of all tissues. The matrix is a soft, thick gel. Contains many fibroblasts and macrophages. |
| Connective tissue #2 Adipose connective tissue: | contains predominantly fat cells and many fewer fibroblasts, macrophages, and mast cells. |
| Connective tissue #3 Reticular connective tissue: | dense, net-like tissue with branching reticulin fibers with reticular cells. Filters injurious substances out of blood and lymph. |
| Connective tissue #4 Dense connective tissue: | fibers packed densely into a matrix that contains relatively few fibroblast cells. Designated regular or irregular. |
| What makes bone tissue so hard? | The inorganic (bone salt) portion of bone makes it hard. |
| Name the two types of involuntary muscle. Where is each found in the body? | Smooth muscle: found in the walls of the viscera. Cardiac muscle: makes up the wall of the heart. |
| What are the two principal types of cell in nervous tissue? What is the function of each? | Neurons: conducting units of the nervous system. Neuroglia: connecting and supporting cells. |
| Which of the two of the four major tissue types have the greatest capacity to regenerate after an injury? | Epithelial and connective tissue have the greatest capacity to regenerate after an injury. |
| Name the four principal types of body membranes. Which are epithelial membranes? | Cutaneous, serous, and mucous and connective are the four principal types of body membranes. Cutaneous, serous, and mucous are epithelial membranes. |
| Name the two main cell types found in the epidermis. | Keratinocytes and melanocytes are the two main cell types in the epidermis. |
| Which layer of the dermis forms bumps that produce ridges on the palms and soles? | The dermal papillae forms the bumps that produce ridges. |
| What is the main function of the hypodermis? | ?F? The hypodermis forms a connection between the skin and the underlying structures of the body. |
| List seven functions of the skin. | Protection, sensation, growth, synthesis of important chemicals and hormones, excretion, temperature regulation, and immunity are the functions of the skin. |
| List the appendages of the skin. | Hair, nails, and skin glands are the appendages of the skin.-more? |
| What are the two types of sweat glands? | Eccrine, Apocrine |
| How does the sweat gland, Eccrine differ from Apocrine? | Eccrine are are small and function throughout life to produce perspiration rich in salts, ammonia, uric acid, urea, and other wastes. |
| How does the sweat gland, Apocrine differ from Eccrine?(2) | Apocrine are much larger than eccrine glands and are connected with hair follicles. Apocrine glands enlarge and begin to function at puberty, producing a more viscous and colored secretion. |
| List two functions of the sebum. | Sebum keeps the hair supple and the skin soft and pliant. |
| Name the two major types of connective tissue found in the skeletal system: | Bone and cartilage are the major types of connective tissue in the skeletal system. |
| Name two principal chemical components of the bone matrix. | Inorganic salts and organic matrix are the principal chemical components of bone matrix. |
| Name the canals that connect blood vessels between adjacent, parallel osteons: | Volkmann canals connect blood vessels between adjacent, parallel osteons. |
| Name the primary type of cartilage cell | Chondrocyte is the primary type of cartilage cell. |
| When seperation from the nail from its bed occurs, what is this called? | Onycholysis |
| 7. The epithelium that is grouped in solid cords or hollow follicle and form the secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glands is called: | Glandular |
| The serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity and surrounds the lungs is the: What's its purpose? | Pleura- To decrease friction |
| The fribrous connective tissue underling epithelium is called? | Lamina propria |
| Where can one find Meniscus- and what is it? | In the knee joint, it's a fluid filled sack |
| Where can one find Bursa? | By synovial filled membranes, (fluid filled sack) |
| Smooth muscles that produce "goose bumps" when they contract are? | arrector pili muscles |
| Which of the following are associated with hair? A. Sebaceous glands B. Ceruminous glands C. Eccrine glands D. None of the above | A. Sebaceous glands -which are attached to hair follicles and release sebum |
| What are the function of Ceruminous glands? | To create wax for the ears. |
| What are the functions of the Eccrine glands? | They are the bodies sweat glands. |
| All of the following are components of the bone matrix except: A. Inorganic salts B. Organic Matric C. Collagenous fibers D. All of the following are components of bone matrix | D. |
| When is the hormone calcitonin released and what is its purpose? | It is released by the thyroid gland and its purpose is to reshape bone |
| The fibrous outer covering of the carilage is called the? | Perichondrium |
| Which membrane of the body is directly exposed to the external environment? | Cutaneous Membrane |
| Which body Membrane lines body cavities that are not open to the external environment? | Serous Membrane |
| Which body Membranes lines tracts that open to the external environment? | Mucous Membrane |
| What is the function of the Cutaneous Membrane? | Protection, sensation, and thermoregulation |
| What is the function of the Serous Membrane? | Lubrication |
| What is the function of the Mucous Membrane? | Protection, lubrication |
| What's the function of the Synovial membrane? | Helps hold joint together, lubricates, cushions. |
| ___________The keratinized, stratified squamous epithelium type that makes up the epidermis. | Cutaneous membrane |
| ___________Helps to hold joints together; lubricates and cushions joints. | Synovial membrane |
| _______the dense, fibrous connective tissue. | Cutaneous membrane |
| _______Secretes serous fluid. | Serous membrane |
| _______Its main functions are protection and thermoregulation. | Cutaneous membrane |
| _______The membrane whose fluid secretion is made of mucins. | Mucous membrane |
| _______The deep layer of this tissue is made of loose, fibrous connective tissue. | Synovial membrane |
| _______The epithelial membrane whose only function is to lubricate. | Serous Membrane |
| The primary ossicication center is located in the ________ of bones | Diaphysis |
| Large amounts of _______ are produced by dark skinned and dark haired people | Eumelanin |
| The axillary glands are called the_______ | apocrine |
| The shedding of the elements from the skin's surface is called________ | desquemation |
| ________ is responsible for the brown pigment in the skin | Melanin |
| The callus begins to form around fractured bones in approximately: | 7 Days |
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Eli-45
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