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Unit 2
Federalism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many main systems of gov. are there? | Three |
| What are the three types of gov.? | Unitary, Confederate, and Federal |
| What is a Unitary system of Government? | A centralized system in which all power is with one central government |
| What is a Confederate system of Government? | A decentralized system that has a weak central gov and relies heavily on state soveirgnty |
| What is a Federal system of Government? | A system where power is divided between a central and regional governments by a written constitution. (Two or more levels of gov over one group of people) |
| What is the most common type of government? | Unitary. i.e. Great Britain, France and China |
| Why did the Framers choose a federal system of government for the new nation? | They believed the Articles of Confederation were too weak for the nation's new problems. |
| Why did the Framers not want a Unitary system? | The Revolution had been fought against a distant, central government in London. |
| What did the Framers create to balance order and freedom for the U.S.? | A federal system of government |
| What are expressed powers? | Powers specifically granted by the Constitution to the Federal government |
| What is another name for expressed powers? | enumerated powers |
| Article 1, Section 8 has 18 separate clauses that grant 27 different powers to who? | Congress |
| What are they key expressed powers? | Regulate commerce, tax and spend, and the war power |
| What are Implied powers? | Powers that the government has that aren't specifically stated in the Constitution. |
| Implied powers are derived from Article 1, Section 8, Clause 18. What is the clause known as? | The elastic clause or the necessary and proper clause. |
| What does the elastic clause allow the national government to do? | Solve problems that the Framers could not anticipate. |
| Where do inherent powers come from? | The fact that the U.S. is a sovereign nation. |
| What can all nations do under international law? | Make treaties, wage war and aquire terriory. |
| What are reserved powers? | The powers held by the states that were given to them by the Tenth Amendment. |
| What are some examples of reserved powers? | Licensing doctors, establishing public schools, establishing local governments and the police power. |
| What is the police power? | The power of a state to protect and promote the general welfare, public morals , health and saftey of it's citizens. |
| What are concurrent powers? | Powers held by the national and state governments, such as the power to tax, borrow money and establish courts. |
| What are prohibited powers? | Powers that are denied to the national government, state governments or both. |
| What are some examples of prohibited powers? | The federal government cannot tax exports, and the states connot make treaties with foreign countries. |
| Who asked "The Cardinal Question"? | Woodrow Wilson |
| What was "The Cardinal Question" | The relationship between the states and the national government. |
| What did Wilson further observe about the relationship? | It cannot be solved nby one generation becasue it is a matter of growth, and every generation, it changes. |
| What did the McCulloch Vs. Maryland case clarify? | Implied powers |
| What was the name of the Bank that was part of the case? | The Second National Bank of the United States |
| What was the case about? | Maryland wished to force the national gov. to pay a tax of $15,000 to keep the National bank on Maryland's land, but the national gov. refused to pay. |
| Who won and how? | The nation gov. won due to the supremacy of the national gov. within it's sphere of action. |
| What was the significance of the case? | It confirmed the right of Congress to utilize implied powers to carry out it's expressed powers. It also validated the national gov.'s surpremacy over the states. |
| What did Gibbons Vs. Ogden clarify? | The commerce clause |
| What was the case about? | Aaron Ogden was given an "exclusive license" to run a ferry service bewtween New York and New Jersey. Thomas Gibbons was given a license from the federal gov to operate a competing ferry service on the same river. |
| What was the case about? (cont.) | Ogden claimed that Gibbons infringed on the monopoly rights given to him by New York, then appealed to the Supreme court. |
| Who won and how? | Gibbons was allowed to keep his competing ferry service. The federal government used their power to regulate all types of commerce to settle the case. |
| What was the significance of the case? | It promoted economic growth by broadening congress' power over commerce. |
| What are some examples of what the federal government now controls based on their power to contol commerce? | Radio signals, telephone messages, financial transactions and nearly all forms of buisness where money is involved. |
| What was possibly the most important thing the Federal government did with the commerce power? | Upholding the 1964 Civil Rights Act |
| In what case from 1954 did the supreme court rule school segregation unconstituional? | Brown Vs. Board of Education |
| What is the type of government where the national government and the state government remain powerful in their own spheres of operation? | Dual federalism |
| What is another name for dual federalism? | Layer-cake Federalism It characterized the relationship between the states and the National government until the New Deal of 1933 |
| What is the type of government where the national and state governments work together to complete projects? | Cooperative Federalism |
| What is another name for Cooperative Federalism? | Marble Cake Federalism |
| What is Fiscal Federalism? | The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system |
| In 2010, the states recived about $480 billion in what? | Federal grants |
| What is a categorical grant? | A grant for a specific purpose |
| What is a block grant? | A grant given to use for anything |
| What is a mandate? | a rule telling what states must do in order to comply with federal guidelines |
| What are some common mandates? | Civil rights and environmental protection |
| What is an unfunded mandate? | A rule that requires a state to do a task with no additional resources from the federl government |
| What is Devolution? | Started by Ronald Reagan, it is the process of giving powers from the federal government to the state governments |
| What are some advantages of Federalism? | Diverse polocies and experimentation, multiple power centers, and keeping the gov close to the people |
| What are some disadvantages of federalism? | Inequality among states,local intrests can delay support for a policy,and creates a complex web of policy, nearly 90,000 governments! |
Created by:
1314ryanmartin
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