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Ch.4 Integumentary
Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Functions of integumentary system? | Physical protection, thermoregulation, excretion, sensory information, storage of lipids, immune response to pathogens and cancers in skin |
| Epidermis of skin | Consists of a stratified squamous epithelium, 4 cell types: keratinocytes (most abundant), melanocytes, kerkel cells, langerhans cells |
| Layers of the epidermis? | Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum |
| Stratum Basale | Deepest layer. Basal cells dominate stratum basale...replacing superficial keratinocytes. Contains melanocytes and merkel cells |
| Stratum Spinosum | Keratinocytes are connected by desmosomes...melanocytes and langerhans cells are present |
| Stratum Granulosum | Keratohyalin accumulates in electron-dense granules called keratohyalin granules. Cells of this layer also contain membrane bound granules that release their contents by EXOCYTOSIS- forms sheets of a lipid-rich substance...water resistant layer. |
| Callus is formed in stratum granuolosum | Increased friction against skin stimulates increased keratohyalin and keratin synthesis by keratinocytes...results in formation of a callus |
| Stratum Lucidum | Thick skin..palms of hands and soles of feet |
| Stratum Corneum | Most superficial layer..abundant in keratinocytes |
| Keratinized Epithelium | An epithelium containing large amounts of keratin...in stratum corneum |
| Epidermal Ridges | Stratum basale of epidermis forms epidermal ridges that extend into the dermis |
| Dermal Papilla | Projections from dermis to epidermis...extend between adjacent ridges |
| Three factors that determine skin color | Dermal blood supply, thickness of stratum corneum, carotene & melanin |
| Dermal Blood Supply | When circulatory supply is temporarily reduced, the skin becomes pale |
| Carotene | Accumulates inside keratinocytes, orange/yellow pigment of skin |
| Melanocytes | melanin is stored inside melanocytes, respond to UV exposure by increasing rates of melanin synthesis and transfer |
| Cyanosis | Dermal blood supply, bluish coloration of skin...most apparent in lips/beneath nails |
| How do stretch marks form? | Extensive distortion of dermis that occurs over abdomen during pregnancy exceeds elastic capabilities of skin. Elastic fibers break and skin does not recoil to original size. |
| Lines of cleavage | Orientation of collagen and elastic fibers arranged in bundles - aligned to resist applied forces |
| Line of clevage importance | Parallel cut to line of clevage will remain closed but a cut at the right angle will be pulled open |
| Subcutaneous Layer | Consists of loose connective tissue with abundant adipocytes |
| Subcutaneous layer difference in infants and adults | As we grow, the distribution of subcutaneous fat changes..infants and children have extensive "baby fat". |
| Hypodermic Needle | Subcutaneous injection is a useful method for administering drugs..hypodermic needle refers to the region targeted for injection |
| Difference between hair root and shaft | Hair root extends from hair bulb to point where internal organization of hair is complete. Hair shaft extends to halfway skin surface to the exposed tip of hair |
| Exocrine Glands Classification | Sebaceous glands and sweat glands |
| Sebaceous Glands | Discharge a waxy sebum in hair foliciles |
| Sweat glands | Apocrine and merocrine. Both contain myoepithelial cells |
| Apocrine | Armpits/around nipples...odorous secretion |
| Merocrine | palms/soles...secretes sweat |
| Skin Cancers | Basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell caricoma, maligant melanoma |
| Basal Cell Carcinoma | Originates in stratum basale, most common, found in areas subjected to UV exposure, inherited gene |
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | Restricted to areas of sun-exposed skin, |
| Maligant Melanoma | Most dangerous, cancerous melanocytes grow rapidly |
Created by:
kimmyb37
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