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Cranial Nerves
Cranial nerves-Neuro test 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Cranial Nerve i | Olfactory Nerve |
| Olfactory begins with receptor cells within _________ which is located in the _______ over _______ ________ ______ and the _____ _____ of the ______ ______. | 1. Olfactory epithelium 2. Mucosa 3. Superior Nasal Conchae 4. Upper 3rd 5. Nasal Septum |
| The 15-20 filaments of Olfactory that pass from this mucosa traverse the ______ ______ of the _____ leaving the nasal cavity and end in the ______ ______ ______'s ________ ______. | 1. Cribiform Plate 2. Ethmoid 3. Anterior cranial fossa's 4. Olfactory Bulb |
| Once in the olfactory bulb, the synapse is made with _____ cells, which will convey the impulse from the ______ ____ along the ______ tract to the point where the tract divides into the ______ ______ _____ and the ______ _____ _____. | 1. Mitral Cells 2. Olfactory bulb 3. Olfactory 4. Lateral Olfactory striae and the Medial Olfactory striae |
| The lateral olfactory striae terminates in the ________ ______ of the ______ _______. | 1. Anterior part 2. Temporal lobe |
| The Medial olfactory striae crosses over to the ______ _____ through the _______ _______. | 1. Opposite side 2. Anterior Commissure |
| This area of the temporal lobe mediates smell. | Anterior part/Anterior commissure |
| What kind of nerve is olfactory? | 100% sensory nerve |
| The loss of a sense of smell | Anosmia |
| Most noticeable sense loss | Taste |
| Cranial nerve number 2 (ii) | Optic nerve |
| Name the 3 coats of the eye for optic nerve | 1. Sclera 2. Choroid coat 3. Retina |
| The retinal layer contains __________. | Rods and cones |
| What are the colors of rods and cones? | Rods= black & white, Cones=color |
| The retina gives rise to ______ nerves | Optic |
| Optic nerves course _________ (direction), cross at the _________ ______ and then form ______ ______ which course to the _________ ________ _______. | 1. Postiero-medially 2. Optic chiasma 3. Optic Tracts 4. Lateral Geniculate Ganglia |
| The Chiasma lies ______ (direction) to the __________ (also known as _________) and ________ ______. | 1. Anterior 2. Infundibulum (hypophyseal stalk) 3. Mammillary bodies |
| Axons of optic nerves then pass from the _______ ________ ______ back to the _______ lobes on the optic ___________ where _______ is interpreted. | 1. Lateral geniculate body 2. Occipital 3. Radiations 4. Sight |
| What kind of nerve is optic nerve? | Sensory nerve that mediates the sense of sight |
| Occulomotor nerve is cranial nerve # ___. | 3 (iii) |
| Which nerves supply the orbital structures? | 1. Occulomotor (iii) 2. Trochlear (iv) 3. Abducent (vi) |
| These 3 nerves also supply the __ skeletal muscles. Name them all. | -7 muscles 1. 4 Rectus 2. 2 Obliques 3. Levator palpebrae superioris |
| Initially, you see ______ ______ _____ overlapping the _______ ______. | 1. Levator Palpebrae superioris 2. Superior Rectus |
| The view of the levator palpable superioris overlapping the superior rectus also shows the ______ nerve going to the ______ _______. | 1. Trochlear 2. Superior Oblique |
| When the levator and superior rectus reflected, we can see what? The anterior view shows what? | -The optic nerve -The lateral rectus (innervated by abducent n.) - The superior oblique -Nasocilliary nerve -Medial rectus Anterior view= inferior rectus and inferior oblique |
| The superior oblique is seen passing through the _____ (______), which allowed for a bend of ___ degrees. | 1. Pully (trochlea) 2. 55 degrees |
| Occulomotor nerve is the chief ______ nerve to the _____ muscles. | 1. Motor 2. Orbit muscles |
| Occulomotor lies in the __________ _____, passing between _____________&___________. | 1. Interpeduncular fossa 2. Posterior cerebral artery and superior cerebellar artery |
| Does the occulomotor n pierce dura? | Yes |
| After occulomotor pierces dura, is courses through __________________. | The cavernous Sinus |
| After coursing through the cavernous sinus, occulomotor courses between __________ & __________ of the _______ through the ___________ __________ _________. | 1. Greater and lesser wings 2. Sphenoid 3. Superior orbital fissure |
| The common tendinous ring is a circle of _______ at the _____ of the orbit which gives origin to the __ _______ muscles. | 1. Cartilage 2. back 3. 4 Rectus |
| These 3 nerves pass through the ______ ______ ______ but ______ the ________ ______ _____. | - Frontal, lacrimal, and trochlear nerves 1. Superior Orbital fissure 3. Above 4. Common tendinous ring |
| What are the 2 divisions of Occulomotor? | Abducent and nasociliary nerves |
| Where do the 2 divisions of Occulomotor pass? | They pass through the fissure plus the ring |
| Which 2 structures pass through the optic canal, but still within the common tendinous ring? | Optic nerve and ophthalmic artery. |
| The optic nerve and ophthalmic artery pass through the ______ _____ but still _______ the _______ _________ _____. | 1. Optic Canal 2. Within 3. Common tendinous ring |
| What 3 nerves are branches of the ophthalmic portion of the trigeminal nerve? | Lacrimal, frontal, and nasociliary nerves |
| Occulomotor-- Upper division goes to ____ _____ & ____ _____ ______. | 1. Superior rectus 2. Levator palpebrae superioris |
| Occulomotor-- Lower division goes to ______ _____, _______ _____ and ________ ________. | 1. Medial rectus 2. Inferior rectus 3. Inferior oblique |
| Since Occulomotor courses between the _________ _______ ______ and the ________ ________ ________, this can affect the nerve. This is due to an ________ in these vessels. | 1. Posterior Cerebral artery 2. Superior cerebellar artery 3. Compression 4. Aneurysm |
| Trochlear nerve is cranial nerve # ___? | 4 (iv) |
| Trochlear nerve is the only nerve to arise from the _____ part of the _____. | Dorsal part of the CNS |
| Trochlear nerve winds around the ______ ______ and then courses ______ through the _________ _______. | 1. Cerebral peduncles 2. anteriorly 3. Cavernous sinus |
| Trochlear nerve traverses the ________ ________ ______ and enters and supplies _________ ________. | 1. Superior orbital fissure 2. Superior oblique |
| What becomes paralyzed when trochlear nerve lesions occur? What happens? | Superior oblique becomes paralyzed. You can't turn the affected eye inferomedially. |
| Trigeminal nerve= Cranial nerve # ___. | 5 (V) |
| Trigeminal nerve has __ subdivisions. | 3 |
| Name the 3 subdivisions of trigeminal nerve | 1. Ophthalmic nerve (ophthalmic division of 5) 2. Maxillary nerve (maxillary division of 5) 3. Mandibular nerve (Mandibular division of 5) |
| Trigeminal nerve is a _______ nerve for the ______ and a ______ nerve to the ________ of _________ (___________). | 1. Sensory nerve for the face 2. Motor nerve to the muscles of mastication (chewing) |
| Trigeminal nerve is a ______ nerve. | Mixed-- has both sensory and motor functions |
| Trigeminal nerve attaches to the ____ ________ (direction) | Pons laterally |
| After attaching to the pons, it courses to the area on either side of the ______ _____. This is where is divides into its 3 divisions. | Sphenoid body |
| Where does the trigeminal nerve divide into its 3 divisions? | Either side of the sphenoid body |
| The ganglion where the trigeminal nerve is located is called the _________ ganglion or also the ________ _______ or ________ ________. | 1. Trigeminal Ganglion 2. Semilunar Ganglion 3. Gasserian ganglion |
| The ophthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve courses ______ toward the _________ _______ _______ and divides into its __ branches just before transversing the fissure. | 1. Forward 2. Superior orbital fissure 3. 3 |
| What are the branches of the Ophthalmic division? | Frontal, Lacrimal, and nasociliary nerves |
| Lacrimal nerve goes along the _____ to ________ _______. | 1. Orbit 2. Lacrimal gland |
| Frontal nerve divides at a ______ ______ into 2 nerves. What are these 2 nerves? | Divides at a variable point into: 1. Supraorbital nerve 2. Supratrochlear nerve |
| Nasociliary has 2 types of nerves. What are they? | Ciliary and ethmoidal nerves |
| What is the 2nd division of the trigeminal nerve? | Maxillary Nerve |
| The Maxillary nerve (division 2 of trigeminal n.) traverses the ______ ______ and passes _______ to the _________ ________. | 1. Foramen Rotundum 2. Forward 3. Pterygopalatine fossa |
| At the Pterygopalatine fossa, the maxillary nerve has the _________ ________ attached. | Pterygopalatine ganglion |
| COPS= 4 parasympathetic ganglia. Name all 4 | Ciliary Otic Ptrygopalatine Submandibular |
| The maxillary nerve gives rise to _______ _______ nerves which supply the _______ ______ ______. | 1. Superior alveolar nerves 2. Superior dental plexus |
| The maxillary nerve divides into __ nerves. Name them. | 2 nerves -Infraorbital -Zygomatic |
| The zygomatic nerve splits into what 2 nerves? | The Zygomaticotemporal The Zygomaticofacial |
| The zygomaticotemporal nerve enters the _____ _____ via the _________________ _________. | 1. Lateral Scalp 2. Zygomaticotemporal foramen |
| The zygomaticofacial nerve passes through the ____________ __________ which does _______ on the ______. | 1. Zygomaticofacial Foramen 2. Skin on the cheek |
| The 2nd branch of maxillary nerve, Infraorbital nerve, courses through the (1)__________ ________, (2)_______ and (3)_________ in that order and will give branches to WHAT 3 THINGS? | 1. Infraorbital groove 2. Canal 3. Foramen Gives branches to: Lower Eyelid Lateral Nose Upper Lip |
| The 3rd division of trigeminal nerve, Mandibilar nerve, courses through the ___________ ________ and gives off __ Branches. Name them. | 1. Foramen Ovale 2. 3 branches (1) Buccal nerve (2) Lingual nerve (3) Inferior alveolar nerve (The mental nerve branches off of this) |
| The Buccal nerve is used for ____________ to _____ & ______ on each surface of the ______________ (AKA ________________) | 1. Sensation 2. Skin & Mucosa 3. Buccinator 4. The cheek muscle |
| The Lingual nerve picks up _________ _________. Being carried by the lingual nerve supplies the ___________ ___________ of the ________. | 1. Chorda Tympani 2. Anterior 2/3rds of the tongue |
| The lingual nerve supplies __________ _________ and the chorda tympani is involved in _______. | 1. General sensation 2. Taste |
| The inferior alvelolar nerve off of the mandibular nerve courses through the ________ _______ and supply __________ _______. It gives off ____________. | 1. Mandibular Foramen 2. Lower Teeth 3. The Mental nerve |
| The mental nerve is given off through the _________ _________ and ends as the ________ _______ to the ________ _______. | 1. Mental Foramen 2. Incisive branch 3. Incisor teeth |
| What is a root that comes off of Trigeminal nerve? | Motor Root |
| The motor root courses ONLY with what nerve? | Mandibular nerve |
| The motor root courses through the _________ ________ and supplies ____________________. | 1. Foramen Ovale 2. The muscles of mastication |
| Name the muscles of mastication | 1. Temporalis 2. Masseter 3. Lateral & Medial Pterygoid |
| Cranial nerve # 6 (vi) | Abducent (Abducens) |
| The abducent nucleus lies within the ______ and emerges from the _______ where? | 1. Lies within the pons 2. Emerges from the Brainstem between the Medulla and Pons |
| Does abducent pierce dura? | YES |
| After abducent pierces dura, it courses into ___________ _______. It then goes through the _________ _______, through the _________ ________ _________ and ends in the __________________________. | 1. Subarachnoid Space 2. Cavernous sinus 3. Superior orbital fissure 4. Inside of the lateral rectus muscle |
| What muscle does Abducent supply? | Lateral Rectus Muscle |
| Cranial nerve #7 (vii) is ________ _______. | Facial nerve (vii) |
| Facial nerve attaches where? | Facial nerve attaches to the base of the brain at the lower border of pons. |
| Facial nerve passes with the _____________ nerve through the _________ __________. | 1. Vestibulocochlear (Auditory) nerve 2. Internal Auditory (acoustic) foramen |
| The vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve stays inside the ______ ______. | Petrous Temporal |
| The facial nerve will _____ in the _____ at the ________ ________ and exit the skull through the ___________ __________. | 1. Bend in the bone 2. Geniculate Ganglion 3. Stylomastoid Foramen |
| The facial nerve gives off ________ ________ nerve. | Chorda Tympani nerve |
| The chorda tympani nerve passes between the _________ and _______ bones of the _______ ______ and then joins the _______ ______ to go to the _________________. | 1. Passes between the malleolus and incus bones of the MIDDLE EAR 2. Lingual nerve 3. Anterior 2/3's of the tongue |
| The facial nerve leaves through the ________ ______. | Stylomastoid foramen |
| After leaving through the stylomastoid foramen, the facial nerve then forms the _________ ________ in the ________ ________. | Forms the Parotid plexus in the parotid gland |
| The parotid plexus has __ branches. | 5 |
| What are the 5 branches of the parotid plexus? | Temporal, Zygomatic, buccal, marginal mandibular and Cervical (Two zebras bit my cat) |
| Vestibulocochlear nerve is Cranial nerve # ___ | 8 (viii) |
| Vestibulocochlear is also known as what? | Auditory/Acoustic |
| Vestibulocochlear has 2 parts.. Name them. | 1. Vestibular Portion 2. Cochlear portion |
| The Vestibular portion of Vestibulocochlear nerve goes to the _________ ______ for ___________. | 1. Semicircular canals 2. Equilibrium |
| The Cochlear portion of Vestibulocochlear nerve is for _________. | Hearing |
| Glossopharyngeal nerve is cranial nerve # __ | 9 (ix) |
| Where does the glossopharyngeal nerve attach? | Attaches to the medulla lateral to the olive |
| What are the 3 nerves that attach to the medulla lateral to the olive? | Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerve |
| The Glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerve traverse the _______ _______ along with the ________ _________ _____. | 1. Jugular Foramen 2. Internal Jugular vein |
| Glossopharyngeal descends in front of the _____ ______ ______ and winds around the _________ muscle, supplying it. | 1. Internal carotid artery 2. Stylopharyngeus |
| What muscle does the Glossopharyngeal nerve supply? | Stylopharyngeus muscle |
| Where does the Glossopharyngeal nerve end? | On the posterior 3rd of the tongue for taste and general sensation |
| Vagus nerve= Cranial nerve # __ | 10 (X) |
| Vagus travels from _____ to _____ to ______ to ______. | Head to neck to thorax to abdomen |
| Where does the vagus nerve attach to the brain? | Attaches to the medulla, lateral to the olive |
| The vagus nerve gives off ________ _______ nerve which has an internal branch. | Superior laryngeal nerve |
| The superior laryngeal nerve has an internal branch that pierces the _________ _______ and supplies ________ _______ above the _______ _____. | 1. Thyrohyoid membrane 2. Laryngeal mucosa 3. Above the vocal cords |
| The _______ ______ nerve pierces the thyrohyoid membrane with what kind of structure? | Superior laryngeal nerve Pierces the membrane with an artery |
| The _______ _______ of the superior laryngeal nerve will supply only ___ of the 6 intrinsic muscles of the larynx. What is this muscle called? | 1. External branch 2. 1 3. The cricothyroid |
| What supplies the remaining 5 intrinsic muscles of the larynx? | The recurrent laryngeal nerve |
| The recurrent laryngeal nerve courses _______ the __________________ on the _____ side AND ______ the ________________ on the ____ side. | 1. Under the arch of the aorta on the left side 2. Under the right subclavian artery on the right side |
| The recurrent laryngeal nerve course in the _______ between the _______ and ______ and enter the ________ supplying __ muscles and the __________ below the _______ _______. | 1. Groove 2. Between the trachea and esophagus 3. larynx 4. supplying 5 muscles 5. Mucosa below the vocal folds |
| What is the terminal branch of the recurrent laryngeal nerve? | The inferior laryngeal nerve |
| Vagus gives of _________ branches that help form the _______ ______ with ___ and ___. | 1. Pharyngeal branches 2. pharyngeal plexus 3. IX & XI |
| Other branches of the vagus include what? | 1. Esophageal nerves 2. cardiac nerves 3. Nerves for the lungs |
| The vagus nerve LARPS, forming the ___________ _______. LARP= ? | Esophageal plexus LARP= left, anterior, right, posterior |
| Where does the vagus nerve end? | In the abdomen in the celiac plexus. |
| What kind of fibers does Vagus nerve carry? | Carries Sensory and also parasympathetic fibers |
| Cranial nerve # 11 (xi) | Accessory nerve |
| Accessory nerve consists of __ parts. | 2 |
| Name the 2 parts of Accessory nerve | The cranial portion and the spinal portion |
| The cranial portion of the Accessory nerve joins ______ nerve and helps form the ________ ______ on the back of the __________. | 1. Joins the vagus nerve 2. Helps form the pharyngeal plexus 3. On the back of the pharynx |
| The spinal portion of the Accessory nerve arises from where? | The upper part of the spinal cord |
| The spinal portion of Accessory nerve ascends through the _________ _______ and then courses through _______ _______ as it exits the neck. | 1. Foramen Magnum 2. Jugular Foramen |
| Where does the spinal portion of the Accessory nerve exit the neck? | Through the jugular foramen |
| The cranial portion of the Accessory nerve supplies what 2 structures? | 1. Pharynx 2. Larynx |
| The spinal portion of the Accessory nerve supplies what 2 structures? | 1. Sternocleidomastoid muscle 2. Trapezius muscle |
| Cranial nerve # 12 (xii) = ___ | Hypoglossal nerve |
| Where does Hypoglossal nerve arise? | Hypoglossal nerve arises via rootlets between the OLIVE & the PYRAMID OF THE MEDULLA. |
| The Hypoglossal nerve passes through the __________ _______ just above the _________ _________. | 1. Hypoglossal canal 2. Just ABOVE the occipital condyles |
| The Hypoglossal nerve curves around the ________ _______. It goes _________ and then ________ to muscles to enter and supply them. | 1. Curves around the Occipital artery 2. Goes FORWARD and then DEEP |
| It is ________ to the _________ and several ________ _________ muscles. | 1. MOTOR 2. Intrinsic and several extrinsic TONGUE muscles |
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