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Chapter6 Diseases
Heart diseases
Disease Name | Dx, Sx, Tx, |
---|---|
Atherosclerosis | EKG, Blood test (CBC), CT Scan. Occlusion of an artery. Blood Pressure Meds, Cholesterol meds, diet! |
Aortic anuerysm | Physical Exam, Ultrasound, Echocardiogram, CT Scan, MRI. Usually asymptomatic until rupture. Surgery, BP meds,. |
Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Pulmonary function test, Echocardiography, Lung scan, Cardiac catherization. Asymptomatic. Medications to lower pressure, oxygen, lung transplant. |
Varicose veins | PE of the legs. Swollen veins of the legs, knotty appearance. Elastic bandages, support hose, walking, elevating the legs. |
Coronary heart disease (CHD) | PE, EKG, Stress test, Nuclear imaging, Angiography. Angina pectoris, palpitations, MI. Angioplasty, coronary artery bypass surgery, BP lowering meds, Cholesterol lowering meds, Diet Exercise. |
Myocarditis | Echocardiography, EKG, PE. Fever, CP, SOB, Tachycardia. Bed rest, treatment of viral infection. |
Dilated cardiomyopathy | Echocardiography, EKG, PE. Dyspnea, orthopnea, weakness, Peripheral Edema. Meds, rest, Heart Transplant if severe. |
Mitral regurgitation | EKG, Echocariography, Phonocardiogram, Cardiac catherization. Usually no symptoms. Surgery to replace valve. |
Aortic regurgitation | EKG, BP check, echocardiography, phoncardiogram, cardiac catherization. Dilation, backflow blood into left ventricle, decreased diastolic pressure, symptoms of heart failure. Surgery to replace valve. |
Ventricular | EX: hypertension, atherosclerosis, smoking, drug abuse SX: Tachycardia,Bradycardia ,edema Shortness of breath DX: EKG, Blood pressure Check echocardiography phonocardiogram, and cardiac catherization. TX: Antiarrhytmic medications |
Congestive heart failure | EX: Complication of most forms of heart disease SX: shortness of breath, fatigue, edema DX: Phys exam,EKG, xray,ECG, blood pressure TX: medication that improve cardiac output bed rest |
Shock | EX: hemorrhage, trauma, allergic reaction SX: drop in blood pressure to low to sustain life DX: phys exam, medical history TX: med to increase heart rate, rapid admin of fluids to increase blood pressure |