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a & p 2
endocrine system
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| the system that is a group of glands that secrete substances directly into the blood stream | endocrine |
| does the endocrine system have ducts? | No |
| Glands secreting substances through ducts are called.... | exocrine glands |
| the secretions from endocrine glands are called? | hormones |
| examples of body functions affected by hormones are/ | growth/development, metabolism, the composition of the blood and bones, sexual maturity, and the function of all endocrine glands |
| Name the 9 glands | pituitary, thyroid, parathyroids, pancreas, adrenals, ovaries, testes, thymus, pineal body |
| the hyperactivity or hypoactivity of the gland causes changes in the ______ | body |
| adipose means | fat |
| adipose cells secrete polypeptides that influence ______ and energy metabolism | appetite |
| considered to be the "master" gland, secreting a large number of hormones that affect other glands, growth, and development | pituitary |
| Location of the pituitary gland? | under the surface of the brain |
| what is the pituitary gland protected by? | sella turcica |
| the pituitary gland consist of a large _____ and a small _____ lobe | anterior and posterior |
| the hormones of the anterior lobe of the pituitary are | Growth hormone, thyroropin, adrenocoticotropic hormone, Melanocyte- stimulating hormone, prolactin, |
| Insufficient GH production during childhood results in? | dwarfism |
| overproduction of GH in childhood results in? | gigantism |
| Overproduction of GH in adulthood results in? | acromegaly |
| the thyroid-stimulating hormone, Increases the growth and activity of thyroid cells to produce thyroid hormone | thyrotropin |
| Stimulates the cortex of the adrenal gland to produce steroids | ACTH |
| Responsible for breast development and the production of milk | prolactin |
| increases skin pigmentation | MSH |
| the following gonadotropic hormones control the development of the reproductive system in both females and males | luteinizing, follicle-stimulating hormone |
| the hormone that enlarges the graafian follicle of the ovary to the point of rupture and stimulates the follicle to produce estrogen in the female and the production of sperm in the male | FSH |
| the hormone in the female causes the ruptured ovarian follicle to become a corpus luteum that in secretes the hormone progesterone, in the male stimulates the interstitial cells in the testes to produce testosterone | LH |
| the hormones of the posterior lobe of the pituitary are | oxytocin, vasopressin or ADH |
| hormone that stimulates the contractions of the uterus, especially during childbirth; responsible for the FLOW of milk from the breast | oxytocin |
| Acts on the kidney tubule cells to concentrate urine and conserve water within the body. Stimulates smooth muscles of the blood vessels to constrict | vasopressin or ADH |
| this gland has 2 lobes one on each side of the larynx with a connecting central section called the ISTHMUS | Thyroid Gland |
| the thyroid gland produces 3 hormones; | thyroxine, triiodothyronine, and calcitonin |
| Calcitonin causes the reduction in the level of ____ in the blood | calcium |
| (T) and (T3) strongly affect ______, which influences both the physical and ______ activity necessary for normal growth and development | metabolism. mental |
| the thyroid gland requires _____ to form the thyroid hormones | iodine |
| Iodine is obtained by eating what | vegetables grown in soil containing iodine or by eating seafood |
| when thyroid activity is low | hypothyroidism |
| when thyroid activity is high | hyperthyroidism |
| lack of iodine causes the thyroid gland to | enlarge |
| an enlarged thyroid gland is called | goiter |
| a person of hypothyroidism feels; | cold, and fatigued; has low pulse rate, subnormal temp, and may be overweight |
| a person of hyperthyroidism feels; | nervous, restless and irritable. hate rate is up and elevated systolic b/p. May loose weight. |
| a person of hyperthyroidism may have the eyes protrude dramatically in a condition called | exophtalmos |
| How is hyperthyroid treated? | by thyroidectomy or limiting the function with radioactive iodine or antithyroid drug |
| how is hypothyroid treated? | taken orally in a supplement |
| what gland is usually in 2 pairs, are embedded on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland | Parathyroid |
| the parathyroid gland is responsible for | regulating the calcium content of the blood |
| results in increased levels of calcium in the blood, which leads to the formation of? | Hyperparathyroidism, Kidney stones |
| hypoparathyroidism is an uncontrollable twitching and spasm of the muscles of the body called | tetany |
| hyperirritability of the nervous system in response to the lowered concentration of what in the blood? | calcium |
| glands that sit atop each kidney, is contained in a fibrous capsule and is composed of two pairs, each of which acts separately | adrenal glands (suprarenal) |
| the outer glandular tissue of the adrenal gland is called | cortex |
| the inner glandular tissue of the adrenal gland is called | medulla |
| principal hormone of the medulla is | adrenaline |
| adrenaline aka | epinephrine |
| the adrenaline medulla is considered to be _________ to life | nonessential |
| the cortex the adrenal gland is _______ to life | essential |
| the cortex produces steroid hormones in 3 categories: | mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and sex steroids |
| the pancreas is a dual-function _______, exocrine and endocrine. | organ |
| the hormone insulin is secreted by the B cells of the | islets of Langerhans |
| insulin is necessary for the metabolism of | carbs |
| with reduced islet function, the level of blood sugar rises to an abnormal amount, which is called | hyperglycemia |
| abnormally low blood sugar is called | hypoglycemia |
| hyperglycemia and glycosuria are the 2 outstanding characteristics of | diabetes mellitus |
| type 1 diabetes, is and _______ disease that eventually results in severe _____ deficiency | autoimmune, insulin |
| the ____ gland is a two-lobed structure located under the sternum, composed of lymphoid tissue and is enclosed in a fibrous capsule | Thymus |
| the thymus is large during _________ but begins to disappear with the onset of_____ | childhood, puberty |
| the _____ body is a small mass of tissue attached by a slim stalk to the roof of the third ventricle in the brain | pineal |
| the pineal body is believed to produce a substance called | melatonin |
| melatonin plays a role in regulating | circadian rythms |
| Melatonin is highest in the | dark |
| Melatonin also regulates/ | sleep |
| Ovaries and testes are called the | gonads |
| the ovaries secrete | estrogen |
| what aids in maintaining pregnancy | progesterone |
| testes produce a hormone known as | testosterone |
| the gonads are the organs of _____ and ______ in both sexes. | fertility and reproduction |
| the pituitary gland produces excess GH during adult hood. S/S enlarged hands, feet, and prominent facial features | Acromegaly |
| deficiency of adrenal hormones fro the cortex of the adrenal gland. S/S pigmented appearance of the skin, weakness, low b/p, tiredness and salt craving | Addison disease |
| endocrine disorder of the thyroid gland that has physical and mental ramifications. S/S mental retardation and a dwarflike appearance | Cretinism |
| endocrine disorder of the adrenal glands that has physical and physiologic effects. S/S hypertension, obesity, weakness of the muscles, and bruises. a deposit of fat between the shoulders and rounded face. purple streaks, trunk obese, yet limbs slender | Crushing's syndrome |
| most common form of hyperthyroidism, S/S thyroid gland enlarges and the pt. becomes nervous, intolerance to heat, loses weight, sweats. eyes bulge. results from an increase in the production of thyoxine. | Graves Disease |
| endocrine disorder or the thyroid gland is associated with too little thyroid hormones. S/S relation to the degree to hypothyroidism. forgetfulness, dry skin, and intolerance for cold | Myxedema |
| the sex steroid govern certain sexual characteristics, especially those that are male oriented, these steroids are called | androgen |
| control electrolyte balances through regulating the reabsorption of sodium in the kidney tubules and the excretion of potassium | mineralocorticoids |
| affect the metabolism of protein, fat and glucose | glucocorticoids |
Created by:
bpstears
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