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Government
Government 141 Midterm
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Bicameral Legislature | Legislature with two chambers |
Federalism | A political system in which power is divided between the central and regional units |
Separation of Powers | The institutional arrangement that assigns judicial, executive, and legislative powers to different persons or groups, thereby limiting the powers of each |
John C. Calhoun | Concurrent majorities. -Was a leading American politician and political theorist from South Carolina during the first half of the 19th Century |
Concurrent Majorities | concept of preventing majorities form oppressing minorities by allowing various minority groups veto power over laws |
John Locke | Government needed on limited scale, born free. -Widely known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regard as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers |
Thomas Hobbes | Humans selfish, born free. -English philosopher best know today for his work on political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established the foundation for most of Western political philosophy from the perceptive of social contract theory |
Articles of Confederation | The first constitution of the United States (1777) creating an association of states with weak central government |
Due Process | Guarantee that laws will be fair and reasonable and that citizens suspected of breaking the law will be treated fairly |
Procedural Law | Laws that establish how laws are applied and enforced-- how legal proceedings take place |
Substantive Lw | Laws whose content, or substance, defines what we can or cannot do |
Necessary and Proper Clause | Constitutional authorization for Congress to make any law required to carry out its powers |
Power to regulate Interstate Commerce | Commercial trade, business, movement of goods/money, or transportation from one state to another, regulated by the federal government according to peers spelled out in Article I of the Constitution |
Filibuster | A practice of unlimited debate in the Senate in order to prevent or delay a vote on a bill |
Block Grants | Federal funds provided for a broad purpose, unrestricted by detailed requirements and regulations |
Declaration fo Independence | The political document that dissolved the colonial ties between the United States and Britain |
Dual Federalism | The fed era system under which the national and state governments are responsible for separate policy areas |
Compact Theory of the Constitution | The nation was formed through a compact agreed upon by all the states, and that the federal government is consequently a creation of the states |
Economic Conservatives | Those who favor a strictly procedural government role in the economy and the social order |
Economic Liberals | Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order |
Economic Liberals | Those who favor an expanded government role in the economy but a limited role in the social order |
Capitalist Economy | A economic system in which the market determines production, distribution, and price decisions and property is privately owned |
Checks and Balances | The principle that allows each branch of government to exercise some for of control over the others |
Administrative Law | Law established by the bureaucracy on behalf of Congress |
Bureaucracy | An organization characterized by hierarchical structure, worker specialization, explicit rules, and advancement by merit |
Criminal Law | Laws prohibiting behavior the government has determined to be harmful to society |
Civil Law | Law regulating interactions between individuals; violation called a tort |
Cooperative Federalism | The federal system under which the national and state governments share responsibilities for most domestic policy areas |
Congressional Powers | Collect taxes, pay debts, provide for the common defense and welfare |
US Constitution | Article I- Legislative Article II- Executive Article III- Judicial 28 Amendments |
KY Resolution of 1798 | argued that the states had the right and the duty to declare unconstitutional any acts of Congress that were not authorized by the Constitution |