Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
AP EURO CH 12
The Age of Religious Wars
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What 2 factors fueled the religious wars | actual religious conflict + dynastic rivalries between protestants and catholics |
| what was the nature of religious conflict during the first half of the 16h century | lutheran/zwinglian struggle for rights in central europe |
| what had become a legal religion in the holy roman empire after the Peace of Augsburg? | Lutheranism |
| by 1564 what had Geneva become? | refuge for persecuted protestants and international school for protestant resistance |
| What is a politique? | a ruler who keeps political unity by promoting religious tolerance |
| list 3 rulers who were not politiques | mary I of england, phillip II of spain, oliver cromwell |
| what 3 countries experienced religious wars? | France, netherlands, England |
| Who were the Huguenots? when were they in france? | french protestants; already in france in 1520s when lutheran writings were spreading |
| What provided the motive for the first wave of protestant persecutions in France? | capture of French King Francis I by Emperor Charles V, who was a Protestant opponent |
| What did the Edict of Fontainebleau do? | subjected huguenots to the Inquisition |
| what important shift happened in 1559? | power started to shift from france to spain |
| with the french monarchy weakened, what happened? | 3 powerful french families (Guises, Bourbons, Montmorency-Chatillions) all competed for control |
| What was the name "guise" interchangeable with? | militant catholicism |
| what were the religious views of the other 2 leading families? why? | they were Huguenot because of political reasons |
| What 2 men became the political leaders of the French Protestant resistance? | Louis I, prince of Condé (bourbon) and Admiral Coligny (montmorency chatillion) |
| describe the calvinist population in france | was very small percentage of main population, but prevalent in noble population |
| how did the Calvinist alliance with political dissidents help and hurt the movement? | helped with goal to become an accepted religion, hurt because of suspicion about secular motives of calvinists |
| Who was Catherine de Medicis? What is she known for? | queen regent for son Charles IX, king of france. tried to be in between the 2 sides (guises and Protestants) |
| What event marked beginining of French wars of religion? | Duke of Guise massacred Protestant worshippers in Champagne |
| What did the Peace of Saint-Germain-en-Laye do? | gave Protestants right to religious freedoms in their towns + right to fortify their towns |
| What happened at the St Bartholomew's Day Massacre? | the crown ordered thousands of Huguenots + Coligny to be murdered in Paris, supported by Catherine de medicis |
| How did the St Barts Day Massacre change the nature of the struggle between the Protestants and Catholics? | changed it from a french struggle to international struggle |
| What was the new Protestant resistance theory like? | focused on political resistance --> lower magistrates had right to oppose rulers if they were being tyrannical |
| What was granted at the Peace of Beaulieu? Did it last and why? | granted Huguenots almost complete religious freedom. Did not last because france wasnt ready for that much toleratoin |
| What group did Henry Navarre lead? | Protestants |
| When King Henry was assassinated, who took over the throne? | Henry of Navarre |
| How did Spain and the Pope react to Henry of Navarre becoming King? | unhappy because didn't want France to be Protestant |
| How did the French people react to the Spanish trying to interfere with Henry IV's rule? | didn't like it because they liked Henry IV and thought he should rule |
| How was Henry IV a politique | converted from Protestantism to Catholicism to keep peace |
| What did the Edict of Nantes declare? | gave Huguenots rights of public worship, access to universities/offices, rights to fortify towns ONLY in their own towns |
| What happened in May 1610? | Henry IV assassinated by Catholic fanatic |
| What was Henry IV's legacy | Edict of Nantes, and his political/economic policies that helped stabilize France |
| describe spain before defeat of the spanish armada in 1588 | most powerful european power ruled by philip II |
| What are the 4 pillars of spanish power | new world riches from silver mines, increased population, efficient bureacracy and military, supremacy in mediterranean |
| What was the battle of lepanto | Holy League (spain and others) won naval battle against ottoman navy --> spain temporarily controls mediterranean |
| What happened when Philip tries to impose his will on the netherlands, england, and france? | He faced resistance + was defeated |
| Who was cardinal granvelle? what did he do? | head of spanish ruling council in netherlands, wanted to establish centralized Catholic gov in netherlands |
| was granvelles removal enough to stop popular unrest | no aristocrats ruled unsuccessfully, still unrest |
| what was the Compromise? what was it a response to | dutch protestant pledge to reists decrees of trent + inquisition, response to philip trying to enforce council of trent |
| what was the Council of Troubles | tribunal led by Duke of Alba that harshly rules over netherlands |
| who emerged as a leader of Dutch independence movement | william of orange |
| how did political resistance gain support | by merging with Calvinism |
| what were the Sea Beggars, what did they do | international group of anti-spainish exiles who captured port city Brill and spread resistance |
| What happened during the Pacification of Ghent | S and N Catholic provinces unite against Spain, declared that regions can choose religion |
| What was the 12 years truce? | gave n provinces of netherlands independence |
| what were mary tudor's shocking domestic policies | -got rid of protestant statues, executed many prot. for heresy |
| 3 Major settlements of Elizabeth I | Act of Supremacy (gave elizabeth complete power) Act of Uniformity(every english priest needs book of common prayer) and 39 Articles (moderate protestantism as official english religion) |
| 2 groups of puritans | Presbyterians (wanted to create semi autonomous congregations; Congregationalists wanted every congregation autonomous |
| What was the Babington Plot. result? | plot to kill elizabeth which mary was in on, mary was executed |
| What happened to the Spanish Armada? | it was defeated by the english + dutch ships in 1588 |
| what was the result of the defeat of the Spanish Armada | spain lost stance as major european power |
| what is the thirty years war | last and most destructive of religious wars |
| what were the preconditions of the war? | politically/religiously divided germany, failure of peace of augsburg |
| what percentage of the pop was protestant | 50% |
| who is frederick III | elector of german territory Palatinate who made Calvinism official religion there |
| what is the significance of Heidelburg | main German stronghold for calvinism |
| significance of Bavaria | main German stronghold ffor counter reformation |
| what was the Catholic League | formed to counter protestant alliance formed by elector palatine frederick IV |
| Who was habsburg Ferdinand | archduke who became king of bohemia, catholic |
| what is the Defenstration of Prague | event where protestant nobles reacted to ferdinand revoking religious freedom by throwing his regents out of a window |
| What happened in the Bohemian phase | Defenstration of prague --> emperor vs bohemian calvinist nobility --> protestants defeated in battle of white mountain (catholic victory) |
| who is maximillian of bavaria | catholic duke who allied with emperor |
| What happened in the Danish phase | Wallenstein (mercenary general) fights for HRE --> won many battles -->edict of restitution --> Catholic victory |
| What did the Edict of Restitution declare | calvinism was illegal, lutherans had to return church land they gained |
| what happened in the Swedish phase? | Gustavas Adolphus (protestant swedish king) wins battle of breitenfeld --> protestants get territories back |
| What was the Peace of Prague | german protestant states make compromise with emp ferdinand II |
| What was the Peace of Prague | german protestant states make compromise with emp ferdinand II |
| Describe the swedish french period of the war | becomes international --> Cardinal Reichelieu (politique) + protestants defeat HRE, ; foreign armies were destroying disunited germany which led to peace talks |
| what fraction of germanys population did the war kill | 1/3 |
| what did the treaty of Westphalia do | ended reformation in Germany |
| what were 2 main terms of the treaty | reaffirmed that territories determine own religion, calvinism became legal, HRE dissolved, independence of Sweden + netherlands |
| main results of 30 years war | germany destroyed, germany weakened, ended wars of religion, france as main power |
Created by:
mhaq.16
Popular European History sets