Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ST110 A&P CH. 5
Integumentary System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| integument means | covering |
| integumentary system consists of | skin and appendages |
| why is the skin a membrane | because a thin layer of tissue that covers the entire body |
| what is the largest organ of the body | skin |
| what are the three main functions of skin | protection, regulation, receptors |
| first line of dense from microbes, chemicals, UV rays are all to be consider what | protection |
| what protects us to a degree | melanin |
| what is a function of regulation | body tempature |
| What is included into body tempature | radiation, conduction, convection, hypothermia, hyperthermia |
| what is hypothermia | the condition of having an abnormally low body temperature, typically one that is dangerously low. |
| what is hyperthemia | the condition of having a body temperature greatly above normal. above 104 degrees |
| what is a function of regulation | vitamin D |
| how do you get vitamin d | UV rays from the sun stimulate the production of vitamin d progenitor molecules by the skin. then molecules travel to liver and kidneys where they mature into vitamin D |
| vitamin D is essential for what | metabolism of calcium |
| what two organs mature vitamin D | kidneys and liver |
| what is a function of receptors | sensation, |
| what all does sensation include | touch/pressure, pain, warmth, cold |
| what acts as receptors for sensation | nerve endings |
| what a three types of receptors | thermoreceptors,nociceptors, mechanoreceptors |
| thermoreceptors means | temperature |
| nociceptors means | pain |
| mechanoreceptors mean | touch/pressure/strech |
| receptors send messages to where and for what | cerebral cortex for interpretation |
| merkel discs (cells) mean | touch impulses |
| pacinian corpuscles means | sense pressure and vibrations |
| messiner's corpuscles means | sense changes in texture and slow vibrations |
| ruffini corpuscles means | senses slipping and stretching |
| krause end blubs are also known as | mucocutaneous corpuscles |
| krause end bulbs mean | detect temperature |
| what are the structures of the integumentary system | epidermis, dermis, appendages of the skin |
| what is located in the dermis | subcutaneous layer |
| what is located in the appendages of the skin | sweat glands, sebaceous glands, hair, nails |
| squamous epithelium is like | scales, and is tightly packed together |
| what is the outer most layer of the skin and is avascular | epidermis |
| what is composed of the epidermis | stratified squamous keratinized epithelium |
| does the epidermis contain blood vessels | no |
| what are the layers of the epidermis (in order) | stratum corneum, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, stratum basale |
| the deepest layer of the epidermis | stratum germinativum |
| what contains the only cells that perform mitosis | stratum germinativum |
| stratum is also known as | stratum basale |
| what is the stratum basale | layer that rests on the superficial fascia |
| what layer contains melanocytes | stratum germinativum |
| what is produced in the stratum germinativum | melanin |
| many layers and has spiny-shaped cells is known as what layer | stratum spinosum |
| stratum granulosum contains what | 2-3 layers thick, flattened cells, granules accumulate here |
| where is the stratum lucidum located | just below the stratum corneum |
| stratum lucidum contains what | cells that are transparent and flat, 1-2 layers thick |
| the outermost layer of the epidermis is | startum corneum |
| stratum corneum consist of what | dead cells converted to protein |
| stratum corneum is surround by | lipids |
| what is constantly being sloughed off | dandruff |
| how is the thickness of the stratum conreum determinded | by the amount of stimulation or pressure |
| callus means | area exposed to much abrasion and friction |
| corn means | abrasions on bony prominences of the foot |
| where is dandruff being constantly sloughed off at | stratum corneum |
| what is the deeper layer of the skin | dermis |
| dermis is also known as | corium |
| where is the dermis located | below the epidermis |
| what does the dermis contain | capillary vessels, nerves, hair, collicles, and glands |
| what is the dermis composed of | loose fibrous connective tissue |
| how many layers is the dermis divided into | two |
| what are the divisions of the dermis | papillary layer and reticular layer |
| what is a subdivison of the papillary layer | dermal papilae |
| what does the dermis look like | cells loosely packed together (mostly connective tissue) |
| subcutaneous layer is also known as | hypodermis |
| what does the subcutaneous layer connect | dermis to underlying structures |
| what does the subcutaneous layer consist of | areolar and adipose tissue |
| cells that store fat are known as | adipocytes |
| subcutaneous layer does and acts as what | insulates from cold and acts as cushion for internal organs |
| whats a characteristic of all mammals | hair |
| genetic factors relate to what | amount of hair growth |
| what layer of cells is responsible for mitosis and continuously is pushed up fro the basement membrane | deepest layer |
| what does hair growth begin at | hair bulb |
| how long does scalp hair grow and rest for | grow: 3 years rest: 1-2 years |
| what allows for new hair growth | presense of the hair follicles |
| what are considered to be hair areas | cuticle, cortex, medulla, shaft, hair root, arrector pili muscle |
| cuticle means | outermost portion |
| cortex means | underneath the cuticle |
| medulla means | central portion |
| shaft means | visible portion |
| hair root means | inside hair follicle in the stratum germinativum |
| arrector pili muscle means- | attached to hair follicle |
| what controls if the hair is curly, straight, kinky | genetics |
| what is determined by heredity and some environmental factors | color of the hair |
| alopecia means | partial or complete absense of hair from areas of the body where it normally grows;baldness |
| what is excessive hairness, especially in women | hirsutism |
| onxy/onych means | nail |
| nails are made up of | very hard keratinized cells |
| what are consider nail areas | lunula, nail body, nail root, cuticle, free edge |
| lunula means | white half moor shaped area at nail base |
| nail body means | visble area |
| nail root means | inside the nail bed |
| cuticle means | layer of stratum corneum extending over the nail body |
| what are along the walls of hair follicles | sebaceous glands |
| what produces sebum | sebaceous glands |
| what are oily substances that lubricates the skin | sebum |
| vernix caseosa and acne are apart of the | sebaceous glands |
| where are sebaceous glands located | throughout the body and have the largest number in the face |
| sebaceous glands are very active during what | puberty |
| what happens to the sebaceous glands during puberty | excess sebum, glands become clogged (blackheads), and easily infected (pimples) |
| what is the largest sebaceous gland called and where is it located | meibomian gland, eyelids |
| sweat glands are also known as | sudoriferous glands |
| what are the two main types of sudoriferous glands | merocrine and apocrine |
| where are sudoriferous glands mostly found in | most body regions except margins of lips and head of penis |
| what do sudoriferous glands consist of and produces what | secretory portion and excretory and body odor |
| modified glands of the sudoriferous glands are | ceruminour, ciliary, mammary |
| where is the ceruminous glands located in | dermis of the auditory canal |
| what does the ceruminous gland secrete | yellow substance cerumen |
| what is cerumen | ear wax yellow substancce |
| what does cerumen prevent | auditory canal and tympanic membrane from drying out |
| what is the blood supply made up of | arterioles |
| what are arterioles used for | maintaining body tempertature |
| vasodilate means | increasing blood flow to the dermis, transferring heat to the skin surface to escape from the body |
| melanin, albinism, and cyanosis are all what | skin pigmenation |
| concentrations determine the variations in skin color of individuals and races as well as suntans and freckles is known as | melanin |
| recessive gene or mutation that prevents the production of melanin is known as | albinism |
| caused by a lack of blood oxygen or decreased blood flow; turns skin blueish-gray color is known as | cyanosis |
| what do langerhans cells do | attack cancer cells, phaocytize bacteria that enter through breaks in the skin, attract T-cells (important in allergic reactions) |
| ringworm | fungus; examples: athletes foot and jock itich |
| psoriasis | unknown cause, red patches covered with thick dry scales, overproduction of epithelial cells |
| warts | human papillomavirus, uncontrolled growth of epidermal tissue, direct contact |
| cold sores | herpes simplex virus, can be active or inactive |
| impetigo | staphylococcus aureus, blisters erupt with pus, direct contact, highly contagious |
| shingles | herpes zoster, remains inactive until triggered, vesicular skin eruptions |
| vitiligo | irregular patches of non-pigmented skin |
| skin cancer | UV radiation |
| types of skin cancer | basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma |
| basal cell carcinoma means | topical, easily treated |
| squamous cell carcinoma | giant tumor that contains much kertain, can spread |
| malignant melanoma | most dangerous, starts with a mole, as a dark nodule, or spreading of glat lesion |
| kaposi sarcome | rare form of skin cancer that is usually associated with AIDS |
| what is one of the most serious and frequent problems to affect the skin | burn |
| burns can happen by | heat or cold, chemicals, gases, electricity, and radiation |
| what are burns classified by | degree indicating depth of burn |
| first degree burns are | partial thickness, affects only epidermis, heals 1 week, no scaring or blisters |
| what are the symptoms of first degree burns | slight swelling, erythema, pain |
| second dgree burns involve what | epidermis and dermis |
| superficial burns include | no scare and heal in about 2 weeks |
| deep burns include | scar, long heal time, may require debridement and skin graft, and prone to infection (strict aseptic technique) |
| what are the symptoms of second degree burns | extreme pain, blisters, swelling |
| third degree burns involve what | all layers of skin plus subcutaneous tissue layer |
| what are the symptoms of third degree burn | shock, dehydration, possibly pain |
| fourth degree burns are also known as what | char burns |
| what could fourth degree burns involve | muscle, tendon, possibly damage to bone |
| what is treatment for fourth degree burns | emergency debridement, irrigation, and dressings |
| what is the treatment and recovery of a burn | all depends on the total area involved and the severity of the burn |
| "rule of nines" | determines the extent of a burn injury |
| what are symptoms of aging of skin | thickness of dermis decreases, skin less elastic, fat loss from hypodermis, sagging wrinkling of skin, decreased melanin production, blood flow to skin, vitamin D production |
| what are the results of aging of the skin | sagging/wrinkling of skin, sensitive to cold, hair turns gray, skin becomes thinner and translucent, bones become brittle |
| decubitis ulcer | pressure sore, bed sore |
Created by:
casenichole
Popular Medical sets