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ANT Chpt 2
Anatomy Chapter 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| A solution that contains a greater number of hydrogen ions (H+) than hydroxide ions (OH–) is | acidic |
| What happens when two amino acids are bonded together? | A peptide bond is formed. |
| A molecule composed of glycerol, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group is a ___. | phospholipid |
| Approximately 96% of the mass of the human body is composed of the elements | C, H, O, N. |
| The most important and most abundant inorganic compound in the body is ___. | water |
| A substance with a pH of 5 has ____ time fewer H+ ions than a substance with a pH of 4. | 10 |
| Which of the following is common to all organic molecules? | carbon |
| Which of the following is a component of all proteins and nucleic acids? | nitrogen |
| If its outer electron shell is filled, the atom is ___. | chemically stable |
| The symbol Na+ represents a sodium atom that has lost ___. | an electron |
| Which of the following kinds of bonds is formed as a result of the loss and gain of electrons? | ionic |
| Substances that ionize in water are called ___. | electrolytes |
| The formula H2O represents a molecule consisting of | two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. |
| The energy of motion is ___. | kinetic energy |
| A quantity of matter composed of atoms that are all the same kind is called ___. | an element |
| Which element is a component of all protein molecules, DNA, and RNA? | nitrogen |
| Which of the following is the most abundant positively charged ion (cation) in the intracellular fluid, and is required for generating nerve and muscle impulses? | K+ |
| The non-ionic form of a potassium atom (K) has 20 neutrons in its nucleus and 19 electrons around the nucleus. Which of the following is the mass number of this atom? | 39 |
| The chemical reactivity of an atom is determined by | the number of electrons in the outermost shell. |
| Helium (He) is a chemically stable gas because | its outermost shell is completely filled with electrons. |
| Water is an excellent solvent (i.e., it can dissolve many substances), because | It has polar-covalent bonds. |
| Because water requires a large amount of heat to change from a liquid to gas it | serves to stabilize the internal temperature of the body. |
| The primary component of lubricating fluids in the body (e.g., saliva and mucus) is ___. | water. |
| Which of these substances would form an acid when dissolved in water? | HCl |
| Which of the beakers contain a basic solution? | KOH (K+ & OH-) |
| The body’s most concentrated source(s) of chemical energy is(are) ___. | triglycerides |
| One end of a phospholipid is hydrophilic because it is composed of what type of group? | a polar phosphate group. |
| The building blocks of proteins are ___. | amino acids |
| All steroids contain | four rings of carbon atoms. |
| Amino acids are different from each other because of the | structure of the side chain (R group). |
| Which is a component of DNA, but NOT of RNA? | thymine |
| The portion of a protein molecule where the substrates attach is called the ___ | active site. |
| The names of enzymes usually end with the suffix ___. | -ase |
| DNA and RNA contain what two sugars? | deoxyribose and ribose. |
| The chemical called the “energy currency” of living systems is ___. | ATP |
| Some enzymes fit substrates just as a key fits in a lock. This describes which of the important characteristics of enzymes? | specificity |
| (T/F) Hydrogen bonds are strong chemical bonds. | FALSE |
| (T/F) The presence of hydrogen bonds tends to strengthen large molecules such as DNA. | FALSE |
| (T/F) Normally the pH of the blood remains almost constant. | TRUE |
| (T/F) When glucose and fructose molecules join to form a sucrose molecule, the process involves the formation and removal of a water molecule. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Enzymes are highly specific to a particular chemical reaction involving a specific substrate or substrates. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Sucrose (table sugar) is a disaccharide. | TRUE |
| The nucleus of an atom contains | protons and neutrons. |
| What type of bonds are created by atoms giving away and taking electrons? | Ionic bonds |
| Combining atoms of two or more different elements results in a(n) | compound. |
| Matter that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical reactions is known as | a chemical element. |
| Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic number of 17. An atom of chlorine may become a chloride ion (Cl-) by | gaining one electron. |
| (T/F) A substance that separates in water to form some cation other than H+ and some anion other than OH- is known as a salt. | TRUE |
| (T/F) A solution that has a pH of 9.4 is acidic. | FALSE |
| (T/F) A solution with a pH of 5 is 100 times more acidic than distilled water, which has a pH of 7. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Buffers help to make the body’s pH more stable. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Salts are formed by the interaction between acids and bases. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Is the following organic compound paired with their correct subunit (building blocks)? GLYCOGEN/GLUCOSE | TRUE |
| (T/F) Is the following organic compound paired with their correct subunit (building blocks)? PROTEINS/MONOSACCHARIDES | FALSE |
| (T/F) Is the following organic compound paired with their correct subunit (building blocks)? DNA/NUCLEOTIDES | TRUE |
| (T/F) Is the following organic compound paired with their correct subunit (building blocks)? LIPIDS/GLYCEROL & FATTY ACIDS | TRUE |
| (T/F) Is the following organic compound paired with their correct subunit (building blocks)? ATP/ADP & P | TRUE |
| The type of reaction by which a disaccharide is formed from two monosaccharides is known as a | dehydration synthesis reaction. |
| Which of the following contains the genetic code in human cells? | DNA |
| What is the principal energy-transferring molecule in the body? | ATP |
| (T/F) Water is involved in many chemical reactions in the body. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Water is an important solvent in the human body. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Water helps lubricate a variety of structures in the body. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Water can absorb a large amount of heat without drastically changing its temperature. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Water requires very little heat to change from a liquid to a gas. | FALSE |
| The difference in H+ concentration between solutions with a pH of 3 and a pH of 5 is that the solution with the pH of 3 has ___ H+. | 100 times more |
| (T/F) Enzymes form a temporary complex with their substrates. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Enzymes are not permanently altered by the chemical reactions they catalyze. | TRUE |
| (T/F) All proteins are enzymes. | FALSE |
| (T/F) Enzymes are considered organic catalysts. | TRUE |
| (T/F) Enzymes are subject to cellular control. | TRUE |
| (T/F) DNA is composed of nucleotides | TRUE |
| (T/F) DNA forms a double helix | TRUE |
| (T/F) DNA contains thymine | TRUE |
| (T/F) DNA contains the sugar ribose | FALSE |
| (T/F) DNA is the hereditary material of cells | TRUE |
| Which type of lipid is the least desirable for maintaining good health? | saturated fat |
| If an enzyme is exposed to an extremely high temperature, it will | denature. |
| In what form are lipids stored in the adipose (fat) tissue of the body? | triglycerides |
| Approximately 96% of your body’s mass is composed of only what four elements. | C-H-O-N |
| Is water inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | inorganic |
| Is DNA inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | organic |
| Is salt inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | inorganic |
| Is disaccharide inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | organic |
| Is protein inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | organic |
| Is acid inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | inorganic |
| Is phospholipid inorganic (I) or organic (O)? | organic |
Created by:
dtgs2010
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